Pore structure of geopolymer materials and its correlations to engineering properties: A review

Chen, Shikun; Ruan, Shengqian; Zeng, Qiang; Liu, Yi; Zhang, Mingzhong; Tian, Ye; Yan, Dongming

doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.127064

Cited by 84 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 176 publications

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“…The highest copper removal efficiency at samples cured for 60 °C means that the metakaolin-based alkali activated material surface structure modification at this temperature had more Cu 2+ ion sorption sites and physical characteristics than the samples subjected to higher temperatures. This investigation agreed with the findings of previous researchers who found that the volume of large pores and medium pores reduced in materials subjected to high temperature due to shrinking of the lattice structures and complicated thermal expansion behaviour that changes with time and pore system moisture [ 85 , 86 , 87 ]. The adsorbents physical characteristics, such as pore size, pore volume, and specific surface area, as illustrated in Figure 7 b and Figure 9 , are additional crucial elements that significantly affect the absorption process.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Synthesis of Metakaolin Based Alkali Activated Materials as an Adsorbent at Different Na2SiO3/NaOH Ratios and Exposing Temperatures for Cu2+ Removal

Ibrahim

Abdullah

et al. 2023

Materials

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Water contamination is a major issue due to industrial releases of hazardous heavy metals. Copper ions are among the most dangerous heavy metals owing to their carcinogenicity and harmful effects on the environment and human health. Adsorption of copper ions using alkali activated materials synthesized through the polycondensation reaction of an alkali source and aluminosilicates is the most promising technique, and has a high adsorption capability owing to a large surface area and pore volume. This research focuses on the effect of the alkaline activator ratio, which is a sodium silicate to sodium hydroxide ratio. Various exposing temperatures on metakaolin based alkali activated materials on a surface structure with excellent functional properties can be used as adsorbent materials for the removal of copper ions. A variety of mix designs were created with varying sodium silicate to sodium hydroxide ratios, with a fixed sodium hydroxide molarity, metakaolin to alkali activator ratio, hydrogen peroxide, and surfactant content of 10 M, 0.8, 1.00 wt%, and 3.0 wt%, respectively. Most wastewater adsorbents need high sintering temperatures, requiring an energy-intensive and time-consuming manufacturing process. In this way, metakaolin-based alkali activated materials are adsorbent and may be produced easily by solidifying the sample at 60 °C without using much energy. The specific surface area, water absorption, microstructure, phase analysis, functional group analysis, and adsorption capability of copper ions by metakaolin based alkali activated materials as adsorbents were evaluated. The water absorption test on the samples revealed that the sodium silicate to sodium hydroxide 0.5 ratio had the highest water absorption percentage of 36.24%, superior pore size distribution, and homogeneous porosity at 60 °C, with a surface area of 24.6076 m2/g and the highest copper ion uptake of 63.726 mg/g with 95.59% copper ion removal efficiency at adsorption condition of pH = 5, a dosage of 0.15 g, 100 mg/L of the initial copper solution, the temperature of 25 °C, and contact time of 60 min. It is concluded that self-supported metakaolin based alkali activated material adsorbents synthesized at low temperatures effectively remove copper ions in aqueous solutions, making them an excellent alternative for wastewater treatment applications.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Synthesis of Metakaolin Based Alkali Activated Materials as an Adsorbent at Different Na2SiO3/NaOH Ratios and Exposing Temperatures for Cu2+ Removal

Ibrahim

Abdullah

et al. 2023

Materials

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“…In particular, this combination yielded NGM‐type pore volumes at GGR replacement rates ranging from 20% to 80%, corroborating the concept of pore optimization discussed by S. Chen et al. (2022). The gradual escalation of water absorption observed in GGRM as GGR replacement rates increased resonates with the insights of Darvish et al.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 85%

Eco‐friendly geopolymer mortar prepared from geopolymer waste: Mechanical and thermal properties

Bourzik,

Baba,

Akkouri

2023

Environmental Quality Mgmt

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As the demand for sustainable construction practices increases, alternative materials are being explored to reduce waste and carbon emissions. This study investigates the feasibility of utilizing recycled geopolymer binder as a substitute for ordinary sand in the production of geopolymer mortar. The study examines the effects of various replacement rates of recycled geopolymer on the physical, mechanical, and thermal properties of the geopolymer mortar. The results indicate that geopolymer mortar incorporating recycled geopolymer binder as a replacement for ordinary sand exhibits similar mechanical properties to traditional geopolymer mortar, with minor decreases in compressive and flexural strength as the replacement rate increased. The geopolymer mortar also demonstrated lower thermal conductivity than traditional mixes, resulting in increased thermal insulation. These findings suggest that using recycled geopolymer binder as a replacement for ordinary sand in geopolymer mortar production could be a promising approach for sustainable construction practices.

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“…Ma et al [2020] reported that, when slag is fully used as raw material, the increase in alkali content would lead to an increase in the characteristic pore size and a decrease in the total porosity. La concentration d'activateurs alcalins a également une grande influence sur les structures des pores en raison du changement de l'étendue de la géopolymérisation et de la teneur en eau [Chen et al, 2022]. This increase in porosity was accompanied by a decrease in density from 2210 kg/m 3 at 0% slurry and decreases to 1.605 at 40% slurry, the addition of slurry would result in an increase in porosity and a decrease in density.…”

Section: Effect Of Sludge Dewatered and Stabilized By Hydrated Lime O...mentioning

confidence: 98%

Synthesis and Characterization of Slag-Sludge-Based Eco-Friendly Materials – Industrial Implications

Lagrani¹,

Aziz²,

Bellil³

et al. 2023

J. Ecol. Eng.

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Currently in Morocco, wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) generate huge quantities of sludge from wastewater treatment. This sludge is a real concern for the environment. No regulatory text takes into account the future and management of sludge, its use in agriculture is not officially authorized and the solutions currently implemented for its elimination or recovery are done on an ad hoc basis and pose a number of difficulties for operators. The objective of the present study is to investigate the stabilization and solidification of a geopolymer based on sewage sludge and blast furnace slag (slag), as well as the possibility to use this geopolymer as a thermal insulation material. The sludge used comes from the AIN AOUDA-activated sludge type WWTP, the collected sludge is dehydrated and stabilized by slaked lime (Ca(OH) 2 ) in the sludge treatment process. The blast furnace slag (slag) came from the plant in France. Four samples were prepared by substituting the slag with quantities (10 to 40%) of limed sludge, a quantity of sand, and a solution of sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide used as an alkaline activator. The effect of limed sludge on the physicochemical and microstructural properties of the synthesized geopolymers was evaluated using several analytical techniques, such as compressive strength, P-wave velocity, density and porosity tests, and X-ray diffraction. The results showed that the addition of 10 to 40% of limed sludge resulted in a progressive decrease in the compressive strength of the synthesized geopolymer and an increase in the thermal conductivity, which allows the use of the synthesized geopolymer as a material.

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Pore structure of geopolymer materials and its correlations to engineering properties: A review

Cited by 84 publications

References 176 publications

Synthesis of Metakaolin Based Alkali Activated Materials as an Adsorbent at Different Na2SiO3/NaOH Ratios and Exposing Temperatures for Cu2+ Removal

Synthesis of Metakaolin Based Alkali Activated Materials as an Adsorbent at Different Na2SiO3/NaOH Ratios and Exposing Temperatures for Cu2+ Removal

Eco‐friendly geopolymer mortar prepared from geopolymer waste: Mechanical and thermal properties

Synthesis and Characterization of Slag-Sludge-Based Eco-Friendly Materials – Industrial Implications

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