Porencephalic Cyst

Abstract

Spontaneous CSF otorrhea caused by a porencephalic cyst is an uncommon cause of conductive hearing loss that has never been reported before. Only a few cases of traumatic CSF otorrhea/rhinorrhea associated with a porencephalic cyst have been reported. A high level of suspicion, a beta2-transferrin assay, and appropriate radiographic imaging are required for diagnosis in adults without a history of trauma, meningitis, chronic ear disease, or previous ear surgery.

Increased Susceptibility to Postoperative PCA Morphine-Induced Respiratory Depression in a Patient with an Undiagnosed Traumatic Porencephalic Cyst – A Case Report

“…In adults, porencephalic cysts might be found accidentally after traumatic injuries of the brain, acquired porencephaly being usually caused by trauma, infarction, haemorrhage or focal encephalitis [6]. In these cases, the essential factor for the development of the lesion is focal destruction of the brain tissue that leads to encephalomalacia and cystic degeneration [6,7]. There are a some case reports in which porencephalic cysts were discovered after otitic meningitis, visual-field defects, strokes, seizures, and schizophrenia or other psychosis [3, 4, 5 7, 8, 9, 10, 11].…”

“…In these cases, the essential factor for the development of the lesion is focal destruction of the brain tissue that leads to encephalomalacia and cystic degeneration [6,7]. There are a some case reports in which porencephalic cysts were discovered after otitic meningitis, visual-field defects, strokes, seizures, and schizophrenia or other psychosis [3, 4, 5 7, 8, 9, 10, 11]. Clinical features depend on the location of the cyst and its size while other patients may be entirely asymptomatic [5].…”

An Atypical Porencephalic Cyst Manifesting as a Simple Partial Seizure: A Case Report and Literature Review

“…The pathogenesis of the symptoms is not well understood, but many factors can trigger symptoms in patients, including stressful life events [ 9 ] and traumatic injuries [ 11 , 12 ]. Symptoms can also manifest spontaneously, without any known triggers [ 7 , 8 , 10 ].…”

“…The patient presented with multiple types of seizures, which was somewhat similar to our findings [ 6 ]. Ryzenman et al reported a case of porencephaly in which the patient presented with spontaneous CSF otorrhea caused by a massive porencephalic cyst [ 8 ]. Another case presented with posttraumatic diplopia [ 11 ].…”

“…Furthermore, the overall prevalence of this condition has not yet been explored [ 4 ]. A wide spectrum of porencephaly-associated clinical presentations have been reported in the literature [ 5 – 8 ]. To our knowledge, this is the first case of a simple partial seizure caused by an acquired porencephalic cyst, which initially presented with involuntary movements of the left upper limb.…”