Pores in carbon materials-importance of their control

Preparation and characterization of partially reduced graphene oxide aerogels doped with transition metal ions

“…The freeze-drying process used here depends on freezing the gel with the remaining liquid and following this process sublimation, which is controlled by decreased pressure above the sample. The prior freezing process can determine the pore structure [23][24][25][26], which will further influence the specific surface area, adsorption [27], mechanical strength, electrical conductivity and magnetic properties [28,29]. Figure 2a presents prGO hydrogels obtained via sol-gel technique.…”

Structural and electrochemical investigation of waste newspaper based electrodes for supercapacitor applications

“…Moreover, the peak around 44.3°is due to the formation of a higher degree of intralayer condensation, which should greatly improve the electrical conductivity [15]. In addition, this may be assigned to the (1 0) bidimensional planes [16]. The existence of h k (1 0) lines may be due to the turbostatic or convoluted stacking of hexagonal layers of carbon resulting in the disordered structure and lower crystallinity [17,18].…”

Adsorption of anionic and cationic dyes by activated carbons, PVA hydrogels, and PVA/AC composite

“…It is important to note that there were problems in the classification of pores over the total pore range studied. The IUPAC classification of pores [3,4,39], describing nanopores with a diameter d < 2 nm, mesopores with a diameter of 2 < d < 50 nm, and macropores with a diameter of d > 50 nm, is poorly applied to porous materials such as polymer hydrogels since all pores are classified as IUPAC macropores [3,4]. The life science classification (LSC) of pores describes nanopores with a diameter of d < 0.1 lm, micropores with a diameter of 0.1 < d < 100 lm, and macropores with a diameter of d > 100 lm but is poorly applied to ACs since all pores in ACs are LSC nanopores [40].…”