Pork fat quality of pigs fed distillers dried grains with solubles with variable oil content and evaluation of iodine value prediction equations1

Abstract

Back, belly, and jowl fat samples of pigs fed control corn-soybean meal-based diets and diets containing 4 sources of distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) were used to determine the impact of feeding DDGS with variable oil content on pork fat quality and to evaluate the precision and accuracy of published iodine value (IV) prediction equations. Dietary treatments consisted of 4 corn-soybean meal diets containing 40% DDGS from different sources with 10.7, 5.6, 14.2, or 16.0% ether extract (EE; as-fed) content. Diets did not contain any other supplemental lipid sources. Regardless of fat depot, SFA content (g/100 g fat) of pigs fed 5.6% EE DDGS (35.4) was greater ( < 0.05) than that of pigs fed 14.2 or 16.0% EE DDGS sources (34.4 and 30.2, respectively) and tended to be greater ( < 0.10) than that of pigs fed 10.7% EE DDGS (34.6). Pigs fed 10.7 and 14.2% EE DDGS had greater ( < 0.01) SFA concentration than pigs fed 16.0% EE DDGS. Regardless of fat depot, MUFA content (g/100 g fat) of pigs fed 10.7, 5.6, and 14.2% DDGS sources were similar (43.7, 43.1, and 43.0, respectively) but were greater ( < 0.01) than that of pigs fed 16.0% EE DDGS (40.0). A dietary treatment × fat depot interaction was observed for PUFA ( < 0.05) and IV ( = 0.079). Pigs fed 10.7, 5.6, and 14.2% DDGS sources had reduced ( < 0.01) PUFA concentration and IV compared with pigs fed 16.0% EE DDGS, but the magnitude of responses in PUFA and IV to the variable oil content of DDGS was greater in backfat than in belly and jowl fat. Carcass fat IV data were used to evaluate prediction error (PE) and bias of published carcass fat IV prediction equations. Equations using dietary C18:2 content or IV product as a single predictor resulted in highly variable PE (g/100 g) ranging from 3.43 to 8.36 and bias (g/100 g) ranging from -5.05 to 5.66. Using equations that included additional diet composition information and pig growth performance factors decreased PE (3.27 to 4.73) and bias (-3.37 to 1.73) of prediction for backfat compared with equations only based on the characteristics of dietary lipid, but this improvement was limited in the prediction for belly and jowl fat. Predictions based on percentage of DDGS in diets had the greatest PE (6.66 to 9.19) and bias (5.53 to 8.00).

Effects of feeding high-protein corn distillers dried grains and a mycotoxin mitigation additive on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and pork fat quality of growing–finishing pigs1

“…The HP-DDG source used in the current study contained 36% NDF, resulting in the HP-DDG diets having 70–80% more NDF than CON diets. This response is consistent with several other studies where feeding 30% DDGS diets, in which DDGS had similar NDF content compared with HP-DDG, reduced carcass yield ( Whitney et al, 2006 ; Xu et al, 2010 ; Wu et al, 2016a ). Backfat depth was not different between pigs fed HP-DDG and CON, which is in agreement with other studies that evaluated the addition of earlier HP-DDG sources to growing–finishing pig diets ( Widmer et al, 2008 ; Kim et al, 2009 ).…”

“…The source of HP-DDG used in this experiment contained about 10% EE, which is similar to some conventional DDGS sources and much greater than reported for previously produced HP-DDG sources (3.5%) in NRC (2012) . Feeding diets containing increasing inclusion rates of DDGS increases the unsaturated fatty acid content of pork carcass fat depots and reduces pork fat firmness ( Xu et al, 2010 ; Wu et al, 2016b ). Corn oil present in DDGS and HP-DDG contains a high (58%) concentration of linoleic acid (C18:2; NRC, 2012 ), which is the primary contributor to undesirable soft pork fat ( Wood et al, 2004 ).…”

Estimated energy and nutrient composition of different sources of food waste and their potential for use in sustainable swine feeding programs

“…The concentration of fatty acids and their relative proportions are important in feeding programs because they supply essential fatty acids such as linoleic and linolenic acid ( NRC, 2012 ). However, feeding high amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acids have been shown to reduce pork fat firmness ( Wu et al, 2016 ; Villela et al, 2017 ). Thus, it is important to determine the fatty acid composition of lipids in various feed ingredients when formulating growing-finishing pig diets to achieve acceptable pork fat quality.…”

Impact of narasin on manure composition, microbial ecology, and gas emissions from finishing pigs fed either a corn-soybean meal or a corn-soybean meal-dried distillers grains with solubles diets

“…Each of the 2 trials consisted of a 48-d feces and urine collection into 1 tank per pig, with 12 individually penned gilts per treatment. Diets with DDGS contained 30.34% DDGS while the narasin diets contained 30 mg narasin/kg diet.. Gutierrez et al, 2013Gutierrez et al, , 2014aGutierrez et al, , 2014bKerr et al, 2013Kerr et al, , 2015aKerr et al, , 2015bKerr et al, , 2017Wu et al, 2016aWu et al, , 2016bWu et al, , 2016c and was not an objective of the current experiment. That said, a change in energy or nutrient digestibility (represented by a change in fiber digestibility in this experiment), can have (Kerr et al, 2006;Ziemer et al, 2009;Trabue and Kerr, 2014;Trabue et al, 2016b;Van Weelden et al, 2016a, and data obtained from this experiment are no exception.…”