Porous carbon with high capacitance and graphitization through controlled addition and removal of sulfur-containing compounds

Phosphorus/sulfur Co-doped porous carbon with enhanced specific capacitance for supercapacitor and improved catalytic activity for oxygen reduction reaction

“…It has been reported that S-doped carbon has an improved degree of graphitization due to the imperfect carbon atoms in carbon matrix can be efficiently removed by the S-containing gases [15]. To investigate the effect of P/S co-doping on the degree of graphitization for carbon, Raman spectroscopy was adopted.…”

“…It should be noted that the introduction of nitrogen increases the value of I(D)/I(G) from 0.8 (PS-pC) to 1.02 (NPS-pC) as shown in Figure S4, which illustrates a decreased degree of graphitization. It is believed that high degree of graphitization is beneficial to improve the specific capacitance [47]. Interestingly, P and S as dopants into pristine porous carbon improved the degree of graphitization while further introduction of N has the opposite effect.…”

“…Numerous efforts have been devoted to S-doped carbon, a universal heterogeneous carbon-based electrode material. Usually, sulfur doping is preferential in polarizing electron pairs and improving degree of graphitization of carbon as well as introduction of redox reactions, due to its large size and high chemical activity [12][13][14][15]. The additional introduction of other heteroatom, such as N, further alters the physical or chemical properties of carbon material and enhances its energy storage capability.…”

Porous nitrogen-doped graphene/carbon nanotubes composite with an enhanced supercapacitor performance

“…It is known that the temperature between 250-450 ºC [36], is the main decomposition stage of LS, and graphene or CNTs realize nitrogen doping from 300 ºC [37]. Anion of LS can combine with cation-N + , and S in LS can react with O on the surface of graphene oxide to generate SO x [38]. These gases volatile under high temperature, and subsequently the surface of graphene was torn to cause pores.…”

Built‐in Carbon Nanotube Network inside a Biomass‐Derived Hierarchically Porous Carbon to Enhance the Performance of the Sulfur Cathode in a Li‐S Battery

“…The combination of sulfur with porous conductive matrixes, such as conductive polymers, hollow carbon spheres and carbon cages, carbon nanotube and graphene networks, and porous nanocarbons, has been demonstrated by many pioneering works to improve the cycling performance of cathodes, starting in the year 2009, when Nazar's group first reported the use of an ordered mesoporous carbon matrix to enable stable operation of a sulfur cathode . The success of the strategy largely relied on proper carbon structure design to achieve strong carbon‐pore confinements of sulfur and its soluble discharge intermediates, helping to alleviate the dissolution/shuttle of active sulfur species and contributing to a stable electrochemistry .…”