Porous inorganic materials modified with pyrolytic carbon producted from polystyrene

Trash to Treasure: Transforming Waste Polystyrene Cups into Negative Electrode Materials for Sodium Ion Batteries

“…During the early stage of carbonization of PS, PS could be thermally decomposed into low molecular weight liquids and gases under pressure. The original PS molecular weights might have no influence on carbon formation since the degradation of PS into liquid and gas phases occur before the carbonization process . The internal texture of carbon spheres (inset of Figure d) is similar to that observed by Pol et al.…”

“…The formation of liquid phase suggests that the long polymer chains have been broken or decomposed. It is known that, at 450 °C under atmosphere pressure, PS could be decomposed and release hydrocarbons and hydrogen . Inside a closed reactor, released hydrocarbons gas could be condensed forming liquid upon cooling.…”

“…The original PS molecular weights might have no influence on carbon formation since the degradation of PS into liquid and gas phases occur before the carbonization process. 24 The internal texture of carbon spheres (inset of Figure 4d) is similar to that observed Figure 1. The pressure generated could be different at different heating temperature as well.…”

“…Besides, carbon nanofibers have been derived from PE with the mixed catalysis of CuBr and NiO at 700 °C . Among various carbon transformation methods, carbonization under high pressure is an emerging approach to convert waste plastics into valuable carbon materials. ,, Inagaki et al first demonstrated that it was feasible to obtain carbon spheres by pressure carbonization treatment of PE, PP and PVC at a moderate temperature of 650 °C under a pressure of 30 MPa. ,, Pol et al explored the direct carbonization of waste plastics by high pressure carbonization. , Although the carbonization of various waste plastics has been explored, the carbonization of waste PS (popularly used for disposable cutlery, boxes and cups) and the applications of the PS derived carbon is relatively rarely studied. , …”

Ni Ink-Catalyzed Conversion of a Waste Polystyrene–Sugar Composite to Graphitic Carbon for Electric Double-Layer Supercapacitors

“…Wang et al used a carbonized polystyrene-based reticulated resin for dibenzothiophene adsorption . However, polystyrene is practically difficult to carbonize because on heating, it degrades from larger molecules to form a complex mixture of low-molecular-weight volatile compounds with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons at the intermediate temperature of 450 °C, which is much below the temperature (600 °C) required for carbonization of any polymer . In the literature, as an alternative to direct carbonization of polystyrene, polystyrene-based macroreticular resins have been prepared and carbonized. − de Paula et al pyrolyzed polystyrene dissolved in acetone in a vertical furnace at 530 °C in an argon atmosphere for 5 h to obtain a carbon material with further KOH activation at 800 °C to increase the surface area .…”