Porous Multicomponent Mn–Sn–Co Oxide Microspheres as Anodes for High-Performance Lithium-Ion Batteries

Abstract

Porous multicomponent Mn–Sn–Co oxide microspheres (MnSnO3–MC400 and MnSnO3–MC500) have been fabricated using CoSn(OH)6 nanocubes as templates via controlling pyrolysis of a CoSn(OH)6/Mn0.5Co0.5CO3 precursor at different temperatures in N2. During the pyrolysis process of CoSn(OH)6/Mn0.5Co0.5CO3 from 400 to 500 °C, the part of (Co,Mn)(Co,Mn)2O4 converts into MnCo2O4 accompanied with structural transformation. The MnSnO3–MC400 and MnSnO3–MC500 microspheres as secondary nanomaterials consist of MnSnO3, MnCo2O4, and (Co,Mn)(Co,Mn)2O4. Benefiting from the advantages of multicomponent synergy and porous secondary nanomaterials, the MnSnO3–MC400 and MnSnO3–MC500 microspheres as anodes exhibit the specific capacities of 1030 and 750 mA h g–1 until 1000 cycles at 1 A g–1 without an obvious capacity decay, respectively.

Integrated Design of Hierarchical CoSnO3@NC@MnO@NC Nanobox as Anode Material for Enhanced Lithium Storage Performance

“…For example, Yang et al adopted a controllable pyrolysis method of the CoSn­(OH) 6 /Mn 0.5 Co 0.5 CO 3 precursor to synthesize multicomponent Co–Sn–Mn–O anode electrodes. It delivered 952.6 mA h/g at the 2nd cycle to 145.4 mA h/g after the 160th cycle, which shows extraordinary capacity fading, showing unstable cyclic ability caused by the reactive process during cycling . In contrast, TMO@C@TMO composite with double active materials achieves large capacity as well as a long cycling life and stable cycling performance. , For instance, Guo et al reported that SnO 2 @C@VO 2 hollow nanospheres exhibited a stable specific capacity of 597.4 mA h/g at 0.5C after 100 cycles .…”

Criterion for Identifying Anodes for Practically Accessible High-Energy-Density Lithium-Ion Batteries

“…have been developed. In contrast, various high-capacity anodes, such as metal oxides, − sulfides, − Si, − and P, have been studied, but few of them extend to commercial applications. − It should be noted that for the anode, thousands of reports and papers claim that the low specific capacity (372 mAh g –1 ) of graphite anodes is the bottleneck of LIB energy density, and thus, many novel anodes with specific capacities two times (oxides and sulfides) or more than three times (Si and P composites) greater than that of graphite have been developed . Nevertheless, graphite has a 98% market share, which results from the good balance of relatively low cost, abundance, high energy and power density, and stable cycle stability.…”

“…This cathode presented a specific capacity ( C p ) of 167 mAh g –1 and an average discharging potential (ADP) of 3.93 V vs Li/Li + . The discharge (delithiation process) profiles of graphite, P, Si, , Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 (LTO), SnO 2 , SnS 2 , and a nanocarbon (graphdiyne) are shown in Figure . It is obvious that these curves exhibit remarkably different shapes.…”

“…In contrast, the plateau of the graphite anode enables it to make full use of its capacity for high energy density. We selected graphite, LTO, Si, P, four typical metal oxides, − three sulfides, − and 2 SiO 2 , as the LIB anodes. The specific capacity ( C a ) and energy density of various anodes are shown in Figure , with black and red bars representing specific capacity and energy density of the anode, respectively.…”

“…Therefore, the compact density of active material is crucial for its practical application. Although nanoporous anodes obtained high capacities, , their very low compact density and thus low areal density could lead to low VED. A combination of GED with the compact density can give a semiquantitative evolution of the VED of an electrode material.…”