Porous nitrogen doped carbon fiber with churros morphology derived from electrospun bicomponent polymer as highly efficient electrocatalyst for Zn–air batteries

LaTi0.65Fe0.35O3− nanoparticle-decorated nitrogen-doped carbon nanorods as an advanced hierarchical air electrode for rechargeable metal-air batteries

“…The LTFO-C sample shows Type I isotherm with a surface area of 204 m 2 g À 1 (more than 50% are located in micropores as calculated using the t-plot method), whereas LTFO-B shows Type V isotherm with a surface area of 15 m 2 g À 1 (mesoporous nature). The results indicate that the nature of porosity with surface area strongly originates from the environment used for calcination/carbonization with the release of by-products from the composite fibers (Figure 5a-c) [30]. The nature of carbon present in the carbonized LTFO-C shows an increase in the G-band/D-band ratio with a value close to 1.76, revealing a high degree of graphitization with low defects (Figure 5d).…”

One-dimensional nitrogen-containing carbon nanostructures

“…were synthesized in a simple and rapid microwave heating approach directly from doped PPy nanostructures [322]. NCNFs were also prepared through electrospinning a solution of polyacrylonitrile [558,559], blend solution of polyacrylonitrile and PPy [560], or a blend solution of polyacrylonitrile and polystyrene [561], followed by carbonization. It could reasonably be supposed that CNFs prepared in numerous experiments by the carbonization of N-containing polymers, e.g., CNFs fabricated by thermal treatment of electrospun nanofibers obtained from precursor blends of polybenzimidazole and polyimide [562], represent the NCNFs despite the fact that there is no experimental evidence for nitrogen incorporation (elemental analysis data are missing).…”

A Review of Carbon-Composited Materials as Air-Electrode Bifunctional Electrocatalysts for Metal–Air Batteries

“…Similar to porous carbon and graphene, CNTs [27,48,49], CNFs [50][51][52], and carbon papers [53] have also attracted much research interest in the development of N-doped carbon cathodes for MABs. Mi et al [27] used a floating catalyst chemical vapor deposition (FCCVD) method to synthesize a N-CNTs composite material in which ethylene and melamine were used as the carbon and nitrogen sources.…”

“…The enhancement of ORR activity after N-doping was attributed to three main reasons: improved conductivity, more nucleation sites around nitrogen and less aggregation of discharge products. CNFs and CPs were subsequently used as N-doped carbon cathode catalysts in MABs [50][51][52][53] and the nitrogen-doped CNFs tested as the air cathode in a liquid ZAB operating in ambient air produced a maximum power density of 185 mW cm −2 and a maximum energy density of ~ 776 Wh kg −1 with a high open-circuit voltage (1.48 V) [50]. The corresponding rechargeable liquid ZAB showed a small charge-discharge voltage gap (0.73 V at 10 mA cm −2 ), high reversibility (initial round-trip efficiency of 62%) and stability (voltage gap increased to ~ 0.13 V after 500 cycles).…”