2022
DOI: 10.1007/s10934-022-01258-6
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Porous silica modification with sulfuric acids and potassium fluorides as catalysts for biodiesel conversion from waste cooking oils

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Cited by 12 publications
(4 citation statements)
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“…This shows that the sulfation process has been successfully done. The wavenumber at 800-810 cm − 1 indicates the symmetrical stretching of Si-O, and the wavenumber at 455-470 cm − 1 indicates the bending vibration of Si-O [25].…”
Section: Ftir and Acidity Testmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This shows that the sulfation process has been successfully done. The wavenumber at 800-810 cm − 1 indicates the symmetrical stretching of Si-O, and the wavenumber at 455-470 cm − 1 indicates the bending vibration of Si-O [25].…”
Section: Ftir and Acidity Testmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…30,87,88) These parameters make ultrasonic and microwave radiation methods promising as environmentally friendly synthesis methods because they apply principles of green chemistry, such as faster synthesis times, lower energy consumption, and reduced water usage. 89)…”
Section: The Green Synthesis Of Pillared Bentonitementioning
confidence: 99%
“…Indonesia and other tropical nations have sizable agricultural industries that produce substantial amounts of agricultural waste ideal for biomass energy production. For instance, residues from the production of rice, coconut oil, sugarcane, and palm oil can be effectively transformed into biofuels, [13,24,26] biogas, [12,14,27] hydrogen (H 2 ), [16,28,29] and electricity. [30,31] Additionally, the extended growing seasons in tropical areas provide a steady supply of biomass all year long, serving as a dependable source of feedstock for bioenergy generation.…”
Section: Introduction 1backgroundmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Catalysts play a crucial role in producing renewable energy from biomass, significantly enhancing the efficiency and selectivity of the involved chemical reactions. [24][25][26]28] Biomass, a complex and heterogeneous material, necessitates intricate chemical processes for its conversion into valuable energy sources like biofuels. Catalysts facilitate these processes by lowering the activation energy required for the chemical process, enabling reactions to occur at lower temperatures and with reduced energy input.…”
Section: Introduction 1backgroundmentioning
confidence: 99%