Porous Tin Oxides Prepared Using an Anodic Oxidation Process

Shin, Heon‐Cheol; Dong, Jian; Liu, Meilin

doi:10.1002/adma.200305660

Cited by 190 publications

(152 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…2(a) shows the results from the 1, 20, 100, and 300 μm-thick tin coatings on silicon, as well as the anodic tin oxide created from the tin foil. Only tin signals were observed in the anodic tin oxide from the tin foil (pattern E in the figure), in good agreement with the results of existing studies in that the anodic tin oxide formed on this substrate was confirmed as amorphous [1,17,18]. On the other hand, SnO 2 (200) signals of a tetragonal rutile structure were clearly observed for the anodic tin oxides obtained from the 20 and 100 μm-thick tin coatings on silicon.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 79%

“…The tin oxide nanoporous structure was found to be well developed for both the tin foil and the silicon substrate. According to a previous study [1,17,18], anodic tin oxide created from a tin foil is usually amorphous or has a low degree of crystallinity. In this regard, the transmission electron micrograph and electron diffraction pattern of the anodic tin oxide formed on the silicon substrate ( Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When forming 1D nanostructures using this method, properties such as the pore diameter, length, and pore-wall thickness can be easily adjusted by controlling the anodizing conditions (e.g., voltage, time, electrolyte composition, temperature, etc.) [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. Since the anodic formation of a 1D tin oxide nanoporous structure was reported [1], recent studies have focused on changing the anodizing conditions to control the nanoporous structure of 1D tin oxide, and on applying the same methodology to the electrode materials used in high-performance semiconductor-type gas sensors [3,4,13] and energy storage devices [7,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Crystallization of Mesoporous Tin Oxide Prepared by Anodic Oxidation

Kim¹,

Shin²

2017

Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology

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Crystallization of one-dimensional porous tin oxide during the anodic oxidation of tin at ambient temperatures is reported. Remarkable crystallinity is achieved when a substrate with a high elastic modulus (e.g., silicon) is used and the tin coating on it is very thin. It is suggested that the compressive stress applied to the anodic tin oxide during the anodization process is the key factor affecting the degree of crystallinity. The measured value of the stress generated during anodization matches well with the range of the most favorable theoretical pressure (stress) for crystallization.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Crystallization of Mesoporous Tin Oxide Prepared by Anodic Oxidation

Kim¹,

Shin²

2017

Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology

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“…In fact, spatially irregular porous structures are often observed during the anodization of aluminum [3], titanium [13] and tin [14]. However, in order to explain the formation of spatially regular, hexagonal arrays of pores, some additional mechanism is needed that would produce a short-wave instability.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation of nanoscale pore arrays during anodization of aluminum

et al. 2005

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Abstract. -A theory of the spontaneous formation of spatially regular hexagonal arrays of nanopores in aluminum oxide film growing during aluminum anodization is presented. Linear stability analysis shows that, in certain ranges of the applied voltage and electrolyte pH, the oxide film is unstable with respect to perturbations with a well-defined wavelength. The instability is caused by a positive feedback between the oxidation-dissolution rates and variations of electric field caused by perturbations of the metal-oxide and oxide-electrolyte interfaces. The competition between this instability and the stabilizing effects of the Laplace pressure and elastic stress provides the wavelength selection mechanism. The hexagonal ordering of pores results from the resonant quadratic nonlinear interaction of unstable modes.Spatially regular, hexagonally ordered arrays of nanoscale pores in aluminum oxide can be formed by the anodization of aluminum in acidic electrolytes [1][2][3]. Nanoporous alumina has attracted renewed attention lately as a promising material for the fabrication of new magnetic storage devices, catalytic membranes, and as an inexpensive template for the production of nanoscale particles, wires, and photonic crystals [4].Despite many experimental studies and general understanding of the pore growth mechanism to be associated with electric-field-assisted dissolution of aluminum oxide, the mechanism of self-organization of regular pore arrays is not understood. A model for the steady growth of a single pore, based on the field-assisted dissolution, was proposed in [5]. A similar model was considered in [6] and a long-wave linear stability analysis of the interfaces was performed. It can be shown, however, that the model studied in [6] does not provide a physically justified short-wave cutoff and hence a regularization mechanism needs to be identified that would explain the selection of the pore diameter and interpore spacing. One such mechanism is the dependence of the activation energies of the interfacial reactions on the Laplace pressure at the curved interfaces due to surface energy [7]. An additional important factor may be the elastic stress caused by the volume expansion in the course of the Al → Al 2 O 3 reaction [8]. The presence of elastic stress can significantly affect the morphological stability of the surface [9].c EDP Sciences Article published by EDP Sciences and available at http://www.edpsciences.org/epl or http://dx

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“…As the applied voltage to the anode is increased, the thickness of this barrier layer will in turn linearly increase with the voltage [1, ch.6]. In certain metals, such as aluminum [2,3], titanium [4,5,6], zirconium [7], niobium [8], tantalum [9], tungsten [10] and tin [11], the surface of the barrier layer can become unstable, causing pores to form in the oxide. These nanostructured materials have found applications in many areas such as catalysts, gas sensors and coatings for batteries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Electrostriction on the Self-organization of Porous Nanostructures in Anodized Aluminum Oxide

Stanton

Golovin

2008

Math. Model. Nat. Phenom.

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Abstract. The self-organization of porous nanostructures in anodic metal oxide is considered. A mathematical model which incorporates the chemical reactions at the metal-oxide and oxide-electrolyte interfaces and elastic stress caused by the electrostrictive effects is developed. It is shown through linear stability analysis, that a short-wave instability exists in certain parameter regimes which can lead to the formation of hexagonally ordered pores observed in anodized aluminum oxide.

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Porous Tin Oxides Prepared Using an Anodic Oxidation Process

Abstract: Elucidating the properties of the interface between traditional inorganic solid-state conductors and novel organic COMMUNICATIONS 240

Cited by 190 publications

References 19 publications

Crystallization of Mesoporous Tin Oxide Prepared by Anodic Oxidation

Crystallization of Mesoporous Tin Oxide Prepared by Anodic Oxidation

Formation of nanoscale pore arrays during anodization of aluminum

Effect of Electrostriction on the Self-organization of Porous Nanostructures in Anodized Aluminum Oxide

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