Porphyromonas gingivalis: an invasive and evasive opportunistic oral pathogen

Abstract

Porphyromonas gingivalis is a Gram-negative oral anaerobe that is involved in the pathogenesis of periodontitis, an inflammatory disease that destroys the tissues supporting the tooth, eventually leading to tooth loss. Porphyromonas gingivalis has can locally invade periodontal tissues and evade the host defence mechanisms. In doing so, it utilizes a panel of virulence factors that cause deregulation of the innate immune and inflammatory responses. The present review discusses the invasive and evasive strategies of P. gingivalis and the role of its major virulence factors in these, namely lipopolysaccharide, capsule, gingipains and fimbriae. Moreover, the role of P. gingivalis as a 'keystone' biofilm species in orchestrating a host response, is highlighted.

Post-translational regulation of a Porphyromonas gingivalis regulator

“…Are any of the five GNAT acetyltransferases located near genes involved in gene regulation or virulence? Most interesting is the GNAT acetyltransferase PGN_1729 in strain ATCC 33277 which is located 5ʹ to the coding sequence of PGN_1728 ( kgp ) encoding lys-gingipain, and also downstream from hemagglutinin A (PGN-1733) which are both implicated in virulence activities [33–35]. Both lys-gingipain and hemagglutinin (PG1844 and PG1837, respectively) are acetylated in strain W50 [25].…”

The efficacy of sarang semut extract (Myrmecodia pendens Merr & Perry) in inhibiting Porphyromonas gingivalis biofilm formation

“…1 The main cause are gram-negative bacteria, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), also known as biofilm-forming bacteria, which demonstrate the ability to grow into a biofilm mass. 2 This is positively correlated with their phenotypic characteristics as a cause of periodontitis. 3 These anaerobic bacteria have been identified as the main orbital microbiota of biofilm formation in sub-gingiva, and contribute to the pathogenesis of root canal infection together with other bacteria facilitated by co-aggregation proteins.…”

“…discussion P. gingivalis bacteria represent anaerobic gram-negative bacteria contributing to the pathogenesis of periodontitis with biofilm as one virulent factor determinant. 2 Anaerobic bacteria contribute to colonization, adhesion, and penetration activities in host cells. 17 The formation of P. gingivalis biofilm in this research was evaluated by the use of violet crystals.…”

Porphyromonas gingivalis-derived RgpA-Kgp Complex Activates the Macrophage Urokinase Plasminogen Activator System

“…P. gingivalis survival and growth is dependent on the peptides that are released during tissue degradation (18). The ability to activate the destructive host uPA/plasminogen pathway leading to heightened plasmin activity could confer a significant survival advantage, allowing it to generate nutrients locally and enable it to survive deep in the periodontal pocket (25) (Fig. 7).…”

“…CD2, CD4, and CD14) and matrix proteins (e.g. fibrin, fibrinogen) (25). The peptides produced from such breakdown provide P. gingivalis with the nutrients it requires for growth and survival (18).…”