“…Edible oils contain various fluorophores, including oxidation products, polyphenols, vitamin E, and chlorophyll (Botosoa & Karoui, 2022; Xu et al., 2016). Therefore, LIF and LED/IF techniques with specific excitation wavelengths were extensively used for classification (Al Riza et al., 2019; Chen et al., 2022; Kongbonga et al., 2019; Mu et al., 2013a, 2013b; Zhu et al., 2015), adulteration detection(Chen et al., 2018; Hao et al., 2019; Mu et al., 2016; ;2021 Torreblanca‐Zanca et al., 2019a), aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1 ) contamination detection (Chen et al., 2021; He et al., 2022), and comprehensive analysis including discrimination between EVOO and other vegetable oils as well as identification of storage and thermal effect on emission of oils (Hossain et al., 2020), as shown in Figure 2.…”