“…These sensors are based on various principles, such as colorimetric, electrochemical, magnetic, and optical properties (J. R. Choi et al, 2019;Lu et al, 2019;Meijer et al, 2021;Sohrabi et al, 2021;Umapathi et al, 2021;Umapathi, Ghoreishian, et al, 2022;Umapathi, Park, et al, 2022;Visciano & Schirone, 2020). The introduction of nanoscience and nanotechnology to portable devices will help researchers to promote the design of advanced and novel portable sensing methodolo- (Cassedy et al, 2020;Deng et al, 2018;Duan et al, 2022;Kalyani et al, 2020;Ma et al, 2022;Rateni et al, 2017;Roy et al, 2022;Umapathi et al, 2021;Umapathi, Ghoreishian, et al, 2022;Umapathi, Park, et al, 2022;Wei et al, 2018;Wu et al, 2017).…”