Positional Nystagmus in Man During and After Alcohol Intoxication

Aschan, Gunnar; Bergstedt, M; Goldberg, Leonard; Laurell, L

doi:10.15288/qjsa.1956.17.381

Cited by 117 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…Earlier studies characterized PAN in humans either qualitatively or measured only the horizontal eye-movement component by electro-oculography. 5,7,11,29 These authors describe a horizontal nystagmus in lateral head positions, beating toward the lower ear, which we can confirm with our data. The torsional or vertical components of the response, however, have so far not been quantified or even commented on in humans.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

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New insights into positional alcohol nystagmus using three-dimensional eye-movement analysis

et al. 1999

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The semicircular canals selectively transduce angular velocity and are normally insensitive to gravity and linear acceleration. In acute alcohol intoxication, however, the cupula becomes lighter than the endolymph, rendering it sensitive to gravity (buoyancy hypothesis). This results in positional alcohol nystagmus (PAN) and rotatory vertigo. We evaluated PAN in 8 normal subjects by means of three‐dimensional eye‐movement analysis in an attempt to clarify if the buoyancy mechanism is sufficient to explain PAN. Forty minutes after intake of 0.8 g of alcohol/kg of body weight, the subjects were positioned such that the lateral canals were earth vertical. They were then rotated in the plane of the lateral canals about an earth‐horizontal axis to either 45° or 90°, right or left ear down, and eye movements were recorded for 40 seconds in each position. The spatial analysis of the responses showed that in addition to the nystagmus induced by the buoyancy of all six cupulae, alcohol intoxication also causes a vertical velocity offset (in all subjects, slow phase down) that is independent of the orientation of the subject in space. The offset may represent a toxic effect on central vestibular pathways, producing a tone imbalance of the vertical vestibulo‐ocular reflex. Ann Neurol 1999;45:216–223

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…6 -13 The most widely accepted explanation for PAN is the socalled buoyancy mechanism. 7 Under normal circumstances the canals selectively transduce angular velocity. As the cupula has the same specific gravity as endolymph, it has a neutral buoyancy and is not deflected by linear accelerations or changes of orientation with respect to gravity.…”

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New insights into positional alcohol nystagmus using three-dimensional eye-movement analysis

et al. 1999

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“…Aschan et al have studied positional nystagmus in man mainly the persistent form 11,12,26,27 . Their investigation indicated that the position of the head is a determining factor in the persistent form of positional nystagmus, but in the transitional forms of nystagmus, movement of the head plays a significant role.…”

Section: Historical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is the nystagmus pattern in hemi-labyrinthectomized subjects during positional alcohol nystagmus 2 similar to that found in patients with cupulolithiasis in the lateral semicircular canal?

Tomanovic

Bergenius²

2013

Acta Oto-Laryngologica

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When the subjects were examined with their heads turned in the supine or prone positions, the alcohol-induced nystagmus pattern was compatible with that of cupulolithiasis. When the head was pointed straight forward in the prone and supine positions, the nystagmus directions were opposite to those found during PAN 1. Directional preponderance was not seen for the apogeotropic nystagmus for either ampullofugal or ampullopetal deviation of the cupula.

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“…Among other things, he made quantitative recordings of positional alcohol nystagmus (PAN) as a function of time after drinking. This led to the notion of PAN-1 occurring during the acute phase of alcohol intoxication and PAN-2 arising in the post-drinking or hangover phase [6]. Quantitative recording of standing steadiness under the influence of alcohol was another favourite topic and a OBITUARY doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2010.03277.x sensitive device, known as the Statometer, was developed [7].…”

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confidence: 99%

Leonard Goldberg (1911–2010) – occupant of the first university chair in alcohol research

Jones¹

2011

Addiction

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Positional Nystagmus in Man During and After Alcohol Intoxication

Cited by 117 publications

References 0 publications

New insights into positional alcohol nystagmus using three-dimensional eye-movement analysis

New insights into positional alcohol nystagmus using three-dimensional eye-movement analysis

Is the nystagmus pattern in hemi-labyrinthectomized subjects during positional alcohol nystagmus 2 similar to that found in patients with cupulolithiasis in the lateral semicircular canal?

Leonard Goldberg (1911–2010) – occupant of the first university chair in alcohol research

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