Positive effect of a new supplementation of vitamin D₃ with myo-inositol, folic acid and melatonin on IVF outcomes: a prospective randomized and controlled pilot study

Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on In Vitro Fertilization Outcomes: A Trial Sequential Meta-Analysis of 5 Randomized Controlled Trials

“…Among enrolled 5 eligible studies, 3 studies ( 27 , 28 , 30 ) were performed in Iran and another 2 studies ( 29 , 31 ) were performed in Italy. The publication time of individual study ranged from 2014 to 2021.…”

“…( 31 ), in which 573 patients were included in the final analysis. Two studies ( 27 , 28 ) instructed patients to take orally vitamin D pearl capsule, 2 studies ( 29 , 31 ) instructed patients to take orally vitamin D3, and 1 study ( 30 ) instructed patients to take orally calcitriol pills. Among included studies, 4 studies ( 27 – 30 ) reported details of treatment duration except for 1 study ( 31 ).…”

“…Details of risk of bias assessment were summarized in Figure 2 . Among 5 eligible studies, 4 studies ( 27 , 29 – 31 ) correctly generated random sequence, concealed allocation, and blinded personnel, patients and outcome assessors, however 1 study ( 28 ) did not report details which can be used to accurately judge whether selection bias, performance bias and detection bias were adequately performed. Only 1 study ( 30 ) did not provide sufficient information to assess attrition bias, and all studies ( 27 – 31 ) were judged as low risk in remaining two domains, namely, reporting bias and other bias.…”

“…Among 4 eligible studies reported clinical pregnancy, 2 studies ( 27 , 30 ) reported an improved clinical pregnancy, which was consistent with our finding. However, another 2 studies ( 28 , 29 ) reported inconsistent results that vitamin D supplementation could not improve this outcome. Evidence suggested that high dose of vitamin D3 is expected to properly maintain peripheral levels of vitamin D above 30 ng/ml for 3 months ( 48 ), that is, a period that in most cases properly covers a complete IVF cycle.…”

Inositol and vitamin D may naturally protect human reproduction and women undergoing assisted reproduction from Covid-19 risk

“…In its active form, VD is now considered a hormone that regulates bone metabolism and has an important role in human reproduction. VD has a key role also in viral infections, as the activation of VD receptor (VDR) modulates the innate and acquired immune response ( Bezerra Espinola et al, 2020 ). In particular, the active form of VD (1α,25‐Dihydroxyvitamin D) directly modulates the cytokines that stimulate and are stimulated by the activation of nuclear factor κB (NF‐κB) ( Chen et al, 2013 ).…”