Positive reappraisals after an offense: Event-related potentials and emotional effects of benefit-finding and compassion

Baker, Justin C.; Williams, John K.; Witvliet, Charlotte van Oyen; Hill, Peter C.

doi:10.1080/17439760.2016.1209540

Cited by 23 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…After an interpersonal offense, when victims focus on benefits they experienced through facing the offense (e.g., lessons learned, resilience shown, and growth experienced), they demonstrate greater positivity, joy, and improved cardiovascular responding (Witvliet, Knoll, Hinman, & DeYoung, 2010). Benefit-focused reappraisal involves a focus on the silver-lining that activates positive emotion, as underscored by self-report and neurophysiological late positive potential (LPP) amplitude findings (Baker, Williams, Witvliet, & Hill, 2016).…”

Section: Gratitudementioning

confidence: 99%

Gratitude predicts hope and happiness: A two-study assessment of traits and states

Witvliet

Richie

Luna

et al. 2018

The Journal of Positive Psychology

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Gratitude is the appreciation of a gift received; happiness is the enjoyment of a present good; and hope is the desire for a valued future. Two studies investigated gratitude as a predictor of hope and happiness. In Study 1, hierarchical regressions (N = 181) revealed that trait gratitude exceeded other constructs (forgivingness, patience, self-control) in predicting trait hope and happiness. In Study 2, we experimentally tested the impact of a gratitude-related writing intervention on state hope and happiness. Participants (N = 153) first wrote about a current, meaningful, hoped-for outcome and completed state hope and happiness measures. Participants were randomly assigned to either (a) gratefully remember a past hope that had been fulfilled or (b) a control condition. The grateful remembering condition (vs. control) prompted significant increases in state hope and happiness, commending grateful remembering as a practice that can bolster present happiness and hope for the future.

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Section: Gratitudementioning

confidence: 99%

Gratitude predicts hope and happiness: A two-study assessment of traits and states

Witvliet

Richie

Luna

et al. 2018

The Journal of Positive Psychology

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“…Generally, negative affect and emotions such as anger, shame, and guilt may impede the process of forgiveness (Hall & Fincham, 2008 ; Macaskill, 2012 ; Mróz & Kaleta, 2017 ), and less forgiving individuals tend to experience higher levels of bitterness, hostility, fear, anxiety, or depressive affect (Barcaccia et al, 2020 ; Berry et al, 2005 ; Rye et al, 2001 ; Toussaint et al, 2008 ; Lawler-Row & Piferi, 2006 ; Burnette et al, 2009 ). In turn, positive emotions, like sympathy, compassion, or happiness, increase the likelihood of forgiving (Baker et al, 2017 ; Uysal & Satici, 2014 ). Still, there are gender differences in various affective traits.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender Differences in Forgiveness and its Affective Correlates

Kaleta

Mróz

2021

J Relig Health

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Although women are believed to be more forgiving than men, the results of many studies comparing women with men vary. Moreover, little is known about unique correlates or differential patterns of experiencing forgiveness by gender. In the present study, we compared men and women in terms of their level of dispositional forgiveness and its emotional correlates, namely positive and negative affect, anxiety, and emotional control. The sample consisted of 625 individuals aged 19–69, of whom 478 (76.5%) were women and 147 (23.5%) were men. Polish versions of the Heartland Forgiveness Scale (HFS), the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), the Courtauld Emotional Control Scale (CECS), and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) were used. Men showed a higher level of general forgiveness and greater willingness to overcome unforgiveness than women, but there was no significant difference in positive facets of the disposition to forgive. In both genders negative affect, anxiety, and control of anger and of depression were negatively related to dimensions of dispositional forgiveness, and positive affect was positively associated with forgiveness. In females control of anxiety was negatively and in males it was positively related to facets of forgiveness. Gender moderated a number of links between affective traits and forgiveness of self and of situations beyond control, but not forgiveness of others.

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“…Particularly, expression suppression, rumination (Aldao et al ., ), blame (Sharma‐Patel & Brown, ), and denial (Boland & Cappeliez, ) are considered putatively maladaptive strategies that mediate NE and psychopathological distress. On the other hand, acceptance (Kotsou, Leys, & Fossion, ), benefit finding (Baker, Williams, Witvliet, & Hill, ), problem‐solving (Mori, Takano, & Tanno, ), and reappraisal (Gruber et al ., ) are putatively adaptive strategies that may attenuate the negative consequences of NE. The ER strategies in this study also include those for the regulation of positive emotion (PE), an emerging research focus in the ER literature (Tugade & Fredrickson, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contextual factors influence the selection of specific and broad types of emotion regulation strategies

Tang

Huang

2019

British J Social Psychol

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An emerging focus in the emotion regulation (ER) literature is to consider the importance of context for people's ER strategy choice, given that ER responses that adapt to situational demands have been found to be highly beneficial. However, it remains unclear what (and in what way) contextual factors impact people's ER strategy selections. Also, only a limited number of ER strategies have been extensively studied and little is known about people's selection of broad ER strategy categories (we focus on covert vs. overt ER strategies based on Aldao & Dixon‐Gordon's [2014] conceptualization). In the current study, 203 participants were recruited from Amazon Mechanical Turk to imagine experiencing either positive or negative emotion in various contextual settings (location: home, social, vs. professional setting × social context: alone vs. with others) and to identify from 16 ER strategies the ones that they would in general deem applicable for each context. Results showed that the aforementioned factors, in various ways, uniquely or interactively predicted the selection of specific and broad ER strategies. Furthermore, personality (neuroticism and extraversion) also influenced participants’ ER strategy selection. Overall, this study underscores the importance of including diverse strategies and considering context in the study of ER strategy choices.

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Positive reappraisals after an offense: Event-related potentials and emotional effects of benefit-finding and compassion

Cited by 23 publications

References 34 publications

Gratitude predicts hope and happiness: A two-study assessment of traits and states

Gratitude predicts hope and happiness: A two-study assessment of traits and states

Gender Differences in Forgiveness and its Affective Correlates

Contextual factors influence the selection of specific and broad types of emotion regulation strategies

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