Positron-Emitting Isotopes Produced on Biomedical Cyclotrons

McQuade, Paul; Rowland, Douglas J.; Lewis, Jason S.; Welch, Michael J.

doi:10.2174/0929867053507397

Cited by 58 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 91 publications

(176 reference statements)

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“…The half-life of the radionuclide should allow for sufficient uptake and decay to yield considerable contrast and quality images [6]. The energies of the radionuclide emission should be appropriate for proper detection by the equipment while cost and availability are also important considerations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Copper Chelation Chemistry and its Role in Copper Radiopharmaceuticals

Wadas

Wong²,

Weisman³

et al. 2007

CPD

259

314

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Molecular imaging is an important scientific discipline that plays a major role in clinical medicine and pharmaceutical development. While several imaging modalities including X-ray computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) generate high-resolution anatomical images, positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) offer insight into the physiological processes that occur within a living organism. Of these two nuclear medicine imaging techniques, PET has advantages with respect to sensitivity and resolution, and this has led to the production and development of many positron emitting radionuclides that include non-traditional radionuclides of the transition metals. Copper-64 (t(1/2) = 12.7 h, beta(+): 17.4%, E(beta+max) = 656 keV; beta(-): 39%, E(beta-max) = 573 keV) has emerged as an important positron emitting radionuclide that has the potential for use in diagnostic imaging and radiotherapy. However, (64)Cu must be delivered to the living system as a stable complex that is attached to a biological targeting molecule for effective imaging and therapy. Therefore, significant research has been devoted to the development of ligands that can stably chelate (64)Cu. This review discusses the necessary characteristics of an effective (64)Cu chelator, while highlighting the development and evaluation of (64)Cu-complexes attached to biologically-targeted ligands.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Copper Chelation Chemistry and its Role in Copper Radiopharmaceuticals

Wadas

Wong²,

Weisman³

et al. 2007

CPD

259

314

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“…Key steps in the development of nuclear medicine leading to its current important role in oncology include the (i) development of the Anger gamma camera, a collimator-based system for planar imaging of the distribution of gamma emitting radionuclides in patients [3]; (ii) the development of the 99m Tc generator, which made possible the widespread, economic availability of a versatile short half-life radionuclide for everyday use in hospitals [4]; (iii) the development of the PET scanner which, rather than using lead collimators, exploits the coincident detection of the two 511 KeV photons emitted upon annihilation of the positron emitted by the tracer radionuclide, to image radionuclide distribution in the body [5]; and (iv) more recently, the commercial availability of small biomedical cyclotrons dedicated to production of short half-life positron emitting isotopes like 18 F, 11 C, 13 N, and 15 O [6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nuclear imaging of molecular processes in cancer

2009

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Molecular imaging using radionuclides has brought about the possibility to image a wide range of molecular processes using radiotracers injected into the body at very low concentrations that should not perturb the processes being studied. Examples include specific peptide receptor expression, angiogenesis, multi drug resistance, hypoxia, glucose metabolism, and many others. This article presents an overview, aimed at the non-specialist in imaging, of the radionuclide imaging technologies positron emission tomography and single photon radionuclide imaging, and some of the molecules labeled with gamma- and positron-emitting radioisotopes that have been, or are being, developed for research and clinical applications in cancer.

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“…[22] Die Herstellung von Radioisotopen beginnt in einem Zyklotron, [23,24] einem kompakten Teilchenbeschleuniger, der Protonen-oder Deuteronenstrahlen im für die Bildung von 11 Bevor ein PET-Tracer einem Patienten verabreicht werden kann, muss außerdem ein Präparat von pharmazeutischer Qualität hergestellt werden. Es ist sicherzustellen, dass der Radiotracer auf geeignete Weise und schnell charakterisiert, gereinigt, formuliert (typischerweise als Kochsalzlösung) und sterilisiert wird.…”

Section: Synthesen Mit Kurzlebigen Pet-isotopenunclassified

Synthese von ¹¹C‐, ¹⁸F‐, ¹⁵O‐ und ¹³N‐Radiotracern für die Positronenemissionstomographie

et al. 2008

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Die Positronenemissionstomographie (PET) ist eine leistungsfähige Bildgebungsmethode, die zur Untersuchung und Visualisierung der menschlichen Physiologie eingesetzt wird. Das Funktionsprinzip der PET beruht auf der Detektion positronenemittierender Radiopharmazeutika. Aus PET‐Experimenten können direkte Informationen über Stoffwechselvorgänge, Rezeptor‐Enzym‐Funktionen und biochemische Mechanismen im lebenden Gewebe erhalten werden. Anders als die Magnetresonanztomographie (MRT) und die Computertomographie (CT), die in erster Linie anatomische Bilder liefern, kann die PET chemische Veränderungen messen, die bereits vor dem Auftreten anatomischer Krankheitszeichen auftreten. Die PET ist dabei, sich als eine revolutionäre Methode für die Diagnostik von Körperfunktionen zu etablieren, die die Anwendung individueller, auf den Patienten zugeschnittener Behandlungsmethoden ermöglicht. Allerdings ist die Entwicklung von Synthesestrategien für neuartige positronenemittierende Moleküle nicht trivial. In diesem Aufsatz diskutieren wir die entscheidenden Aspekte bei der Synthese von PET‐Radiotracern mit den kurzlebigen Positronenemittern 11C, 18F, 15O und 13N. Der Schwerpunkt liegt auf den jüngsten Fortschritten bei der Entwicklung von Radiomarkierungsstrategien. Wir hoffen, dass dieser Aufsatz das Interesse von Synthesechemikern auch außerhalb der Radiochemie finden wird und die Bedeutung der PET in der molekularen Bildgebung sowie den Bedarf an neuen, innovativen chemischen Strategien für verbesserte Radiomarkierungstechniken aufzeigt.

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Positron-Emitting Isotopes Produced on Biomedical Cyclotrons

Cited by 58 publications

References 91 publications

Copper Chelation Chemistry and its Role in Copper Radiopharmaceuticals

Copper Chelation Chemistry and its Role in Copper Radiopharmaceuticals

Nuclear imaging of molecular processes in cancer

Synthese von ¹¹C‐, ¹⁸F‐, ¹⁵O‐ und ¹³N‐Radiotracern für die Positronenemissionstomographie

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Positron-Emitting Isotopes Produced on Biomedical Cyclotrons

Cited by 58 publications

References 91 publications

Copper Chelation Chemistry and its Role in Copper Radiopharmaceuticals

Copper Chelation Chemistry and its Role in Copper Radiopharmaceuticals

Nuclear imaging of molecular processes in cancer

Synthese von 11C‐, 18F‐, 15O‐ und 13N‐Radiotracern für die Positronenemissionstomographie

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Product

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Synthese von ¹¹C‐, ¹⁸F‐, ¹⁵O‐ und ¹³N‐Radiotracern für die Positronenemissionstomographie