Positron Imaging Instrumentation

Brownell, G.L.; Burnham, C.A.; Ahluwalia, B.; Alpert, Nathaniel M.; Chesler, David A.; Cochavi, S.; Correia, John A.; Deveau, L.A.

doi:10.1109/tns.1977.4328807

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The above factors may explain the increase in FWHM, RER and SNR with detector thickness. The SNR increase could also be attributed to increase in noise equivalent count rate (NECR), since SNR is proportional to the square root of NECR [5,6,31,32]. This is consistent with more random coincidences in thicker detectors.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 52%

A GATE Simulation Study of the Siemens Biograph DUO PET/CT System

Nikolopoulos¹,

Kottou²,

Chatzisavvas³

et al. 2013

OJRad

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This is a GATE-simulation study of the Siemens Biograph DUO PET/CT system. It reports effects of changes in the thickness of the employed Lutetium Oxyorthosilicate (LSO) detectors. The PET/CT, a human body phantom and a cylindrical F-18 FDG source were simulated. Validation measurements were conducted. The results indicate that LSO thickness increase degrades spatial resolution, improves relative energy resolution from 9.0% to 11.3% and increases signal-to-noise-ratio from 0.81 to 1.17. Thicker LSO crystals present greater axial sensitivity so as the detection efficiency of PET would be significantly enhanced.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 52%

A GATE Simulation Study of the Siemens Biograph DUO PET/CT System

Nikolopoulos¹,

Kottou²,

Chatzisavvas³

et al. 2013

OJRad

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“…The spatial heterogeneity of the functional images was assessed from the CV of the voxel data within the lung field defined as the SD normalized by the mean value of the data CV 5 SD mean To assess the true regional heterogeneity of the images, it was necessary to estimate and correct for the contributions to heterogeneity caused by statistical noise and imaging artifacts including imperfect corrections for tissue attenuation, nonuniformity of the camera sensitivity, or by edge blurring created by finite spatial resolution of PET. Theoretical models to characterize these contributions exist (1,4,8), but the actual effect is dependent on camera design, reconstruction algorithm, and dimensions of the object. We used a recently described experimental method to evaluate such artifacts by using a lung phantom (25).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contributions of pulmonary perfusion and ventilation to heterogeneity in V˙a/Q˙measured by PET

Treppo

Mijailovich

Venegas

1997

Journal of Applied Physiology

100

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To estimate the contributions of the heterogeneity in regional perfusion (Q) and alveolar ventilation (V A) to that of ventilation-perfusion ratio (V A/Q), we have refined positron emission tomography (PET) techniques to image local distributions of Q and V A per unit of gas volume content (sQ and sV A, respectively) and V A/Q in dogs. sV A was assessed in two ways: 1) the washout of 13NN tracer after equilibration by rebreathing (sV A(i)), and 2) the ratio of an apneic image after a bolus intravenous infusion of 13NN-saline solution to an image collected during a steady-state intravenous infusion of the same solution (sV A(p)). SV A(p) was systematically higher than sV A(i) in all animals, and there was a high spatial correlation between sQ and sV A(p) in both body positions (mean correlation was 0.69 prone and 0.81 supine) suggesting that ventilation to well-perfused units was higher than to those poorly perfused. In the prone position, the spatial distributions of sQ, sV A(p), and V A/Q were fairly uniform with no significant gravitational gradients; however, in the supine position, these variables were significantly more heterogeneous, mostly because of significant gravitational gradients (15, 5.5, and -10%/cm, respectively) accounting for 73, 33, and 66% of the corresponding coefficient of variation (CV)2 values. We conclude that, in the prone position, gravitational forces in blood and lung tissues are largely balanced out by dorsoventral differences in lung structure. In the supine position, effects of gravity and structure become additive, resulting in substantial gravitational gradients in sQ and sV A(p), with the higher heterogeneity in V A/Q caused by a gravitational gradient in sQ, only partially compensated by that in sV A.

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“…in psychiatric conditions (14)(15)(16)(17) through the use of positron emitting radiotracers. This characterization of the metabolic activity of the functioning human brain and other organs such as the heart (18) depends on the use of positron emission transaxial tomography (PETT) a method of detection which gives an image of the distribution of the labeled tracer in a transverse section of tha body (4,(19)(20)(21)(22). This mode of detection makes it possible to image the internal structure of an organ without interference from overlying structures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of carbon-11, fluorine-18, and nitrogen-13 labeled radiotracers for biomedical applications

Fowler¹,

Wolf²

1981

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l i t e r a t u r e of organic s y n t h e s e s i n general a n d t h e second a guide t o t h e l i t e r a t u r e on organic s y n t h e s e s w i t h p o s i t r o n e m i t t e r s i n p a r t i c u l a r .After a general i n t r o d u c t i o n r e l a t i n g t h e p h y s i c a l p r o p e r t i e s of t h e t h r e e p o s i t r o n emitters a n d t h e i r importance i n p o s i t r o n emission t r a n s a x i a l tomography ( P E T T ) , t h e general c o n s i d e r a t i o n s i n t h e design of r a d i d t r a c e r s a r e d i s c u s s e d .T h i s i n c l u d e s t h e choice a n d position of t h e l a b e l p e r t a i n i n g t o t h e use of t h e r a d i o t r a c e r , which of c o u r s e a r e fundamental c o n s i d e r a t i o n s for a n y s t u d i e s with t r a c e r compounds. The arrangement of t h e t e x t in t h e next s e c t i o n on Radiotracer S y n t h e s i s may have been improved b y not confronting t h e r e a d e r s o e a r l y w i t h t a b l e s of l a b a l l e d compounds. T h i s s e c t i o n c o n s i d e r s t h e s y n t h e t i c s t r a t e g i e s t o be a d o p t e d , t h e a v a i l a b i l i t y of a p p r o p r i a t e p r e c u r s o r s , optimisation of r e a c t i o n r a t e s , s p e c i f i c a c t i v i t y a n d stoichiometry . When e x p r e s s i n g y i e l d s a n d s p e c i f i c a c t i v i t i e s t h e Authors r i g h t l y draw a t t e n t i o n to t h e use of EOB ( e n dof c y c l o t r o n or a c c e l e r a t o r bombardment) a n d EOS ( e n d of s y n t h e s i s ) a s r e f e r e n c e p o i n t s , t h u s e l i m i n a t i n g a m b i g u i t i e s r e l a t i n g to s y n t h e s i s time f o r example.

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Positron Imaging Instrumentation

Cited by 10 publications

References 5 publications

A GATE Simulation Study of the Siemens Biograph DUO PET/CT System

A GATE Simulation Study of the Siemens Biograph DUO PET/CT System

Contributions of pulmonary perfusion and ventilation to heterogeneity in V˙a/Q˙measured by PET

Synthesis of carbon-11, fluorine-18, and nitrogen-13 labeled radiotracers for biomedical applications

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