Possibilities of Legislative and Economic Support for Electromobility in Slovakia

Storing energy in hydrogen has been recognized by scientists as one of the most effective ways of storing energy for many reasons. The first of these reasons is the availability of technology for producing hydrogen from water using electrolytic methods. Another aspect is the availability of relatively cheap energy from renewable energy sources. Moreover, you can count on the availability of large amounts of this energy. The aim of this article is to support the decision-making processes related to the production of yellow hydrogen using a strategic model which exploits the metalog family of probability distributions. This model allows us to calculate, with accuracy regarding the probability distribution, the amount of energy produced by photovoltaic systems with a specific peak power. Using the model in question, it is possible to calculate the expected amount of electricity produced daily from the photovoltaic system and the corresponding amount of yellow hydrogen produced. Such a strategic model may be appropriate for renewable energy developers who build photovoltaic systems intended specifically for the production of yellow and green hydrogen. Based on our model, they can estimate the size of the photovoltaic system needed to produce the assumed hydrogen volume. The strategic model can also be adopted by producers of green and yellow hydrogen. Due to precise calculations, up to the probability distribution, the model allows us to calculate the probability of providing the required energy from a specific part of the energy mix.

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Strategic Model for Yellow Hydrogen Production Using the Metalog Family of Probability Distributions

Małek,

Dudziak,

Caban

et al. 2024

“…This is manifested in the increasing number of models presented by manufacturers of trucks, city buses, and passenger cars. This situation is confirmed by numerous scientific and research publications in this area, of which it is worth mentioning, for example: [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. Despite the growing interest in electric vehicles, alternative fuels for piston combustion engines are constantly being developed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

A Method for Assessing the Technical Condition of Traction Batteries Using the Metalog Family of Probability Distributions

Caban,

Małek,

Kroczyński

2024

The aim of the research presented in the article is to use the Metalog family of probability distributions to assess the technical condition of traction battery packs from electric and hybrid vehicles. The description of the research object, which is a battery pack from a hybrid vehicle, will be provided. Then, a system for controlled charging and discharging of individual cells in a battery pack will be reviewed. It is an essential diagnostic and research device used to determine the capacity of individual cells. The capacity values of all battery cells will then be analyzed using the Metalog probability distribution family. The use of this tool allows us to determine the Probability Density Function for the entire battery pack. Based on this, the diagnostician is able to assess the technical condition of the tested package and decide on its further fate. It can be intended for repair, employed as a stationary energy storage facility, or used for disposal. The algorithm for assessing the technical condition of traction batteries proposed by the authors can be used in all battery packs regardless of the type of cells used and their energy capacity.

“…The development of electromobility is also supported by various types of government incentives and other forms of subsidies for owners of electric vehicles. In this area, it is worth presenting the proposals available in Slovakia [31,32] or Romania [33] and Scandinavian countries [34,35].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategic Model for Charging a Fleet of Electric Vehicles with Energy from Renewable Energy Sources

Caban,

Małek,

Šarkan

2024

The ever-growing number of electric vehicles requires increasing amounts of energy to charge their traction batteries. Electric vehicles are the most ecological when the energy for charging them comes from renewable energy sources. Obtaining electricity from renewable sources such as photovoltaic systems is also a way to reduce the operating costs of an electric vehicle. However, to produce cheap electricity from renewable energy sources, you first need to invest in the construction of a photovoltaic system. The article presents a strategic model for charging a fleet of electric vehicles with energy from photovoltaic systems. The model is useful for sizing a planned photovoltaic system to the energy needs of a vehicle fleet. It uses the Metalog family of probability distributions to determine the probability of producing a given amount of energy needed to power electric vehicle chargers. Using the model, it is possible to determine the percentage of energy from photovoltaic systems in the total energy needed to charge a vehicle fleet. The research was carried out on real data from an operating photovoltaic system with a peak power of 50 kWp. The approach presented in the strategic model takes into account the geographical and climatic context related to the location of the photovoltaic system. The model can be used for various renewable energy sources and different sizes of vehicle fleets with different electricity demands to charge their batteries. The presented model can be used to manage the energy produced both at the design stage of the photovoltaic system and during its operation.