The article describes the problems that arise during the operation of unheated, smoke-free stairwells in multi-storey residential buildings. Measures are proposed for thermal protection of premises adjacent to stairwells of the H1 type. To solve the problems of improving the energy efficiency of the building, it is proposed to use modern thermal insulation material. In addition, a constructive solution is proposed for the insulation of the internal walls of an unheated, smoke-free stairwell using foam glass, which will ensure the strength, durability and reliability of thermal protection and finishing. Using modern composite materials, it is possible to improve the energy efficiency of the building.