Possible Health Impact of Nanomaterials

Abstract

The sections in this article are Introduction Sources of Nanoparticles Epidemiological Evidence Entry Routes into the Human Body Lung Inhalation, Deposition and Pulmonary Clearing of Insoluble Solids Biopersistence of Inhaled Solid Material Systemic Translocation of Inhaled Particles Intestinal Tract Deposition and Translocation Intestinal Translocation and Disease Skin Deposition and Penetration through the Skin Irritation of Skin What Makes Nanoparticles Dangerous? Particle Size – Surface and Body Distribution Effect of Size Effect of Surface Charges Nanoparticles, Thrombosis and Lung Inflammation Prothrombotic Effect Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Endotoxins Nanoparticles and Cellular Uptake Nanoparticles and the Blood–Brain Barrier Summary and Discussion What Can be Done?

Genotoxicity of nano/microparticles in in vitro micronuclei, in vivo comet and mutation assay systems

“…Diesel exhaust products, PM10 and PM2.5, well known as combustion nanoparticles, also belong to this group. The man-made group includes engineered nanomaterials [ 5 ].…”

Genotoxicity and reactive oxygen species production induced by magnetite nanoparticles in mammalian cells

“…(Mazzola, 2003;Paull et al, 2003;Elmore, 2003;IARC, 1996;Hoet et al, 2006;Bosi et al, 2003;Oberdorster et al, 2005). However, these particles can be released into the environment and then inhaled by humans.…”

- Fingermark Detection Using Nanoparticles

“…It seemed necessary to introduce the potential risks, in terms of environmental and health and safety issues, which could arise when working with nanoparticles. Indeed, the increasing use of man-made nanomaterials may lead to possible health impacts [191] or environmental dangers [192], that were not considered or encountered until now. Recently, several studies and publications have dealt with these concerns, especially since commercial applications of nanoparticles has increased (e.g., cosmetics, clothes, medicine, water filtration, among others) and will certainly continue to increase in the upcoming years [193][194][195][196][197][198]..…”

“…This may lead to the formation of reactive oxygen species, for example, which may induce pulmonary inflammation, oxidative injury, or cytotoxicity, even if the same material is inert in its bulk form [191,196,199]. It is also currently recognized that the potential toxicity of nanomaterials cannot be deduced from the toxicity of the corresponding bulk material, since new properties may emerge with nanoparticles compared to larger ones.…”