Possible neuropharmacological effects of Adenia trilobata (Roxb.) in the Swiss albino mice model

Abstract

Background Known colloquially as akandaphal in Bangladesh, Adenia trilobata has some traditional uses. Its leaves and stems are extracted with pure methanol (MEATL, MEATS) and fractioned by n-hexane (NFATL, NFATS). The in vivo anxiolytic activity was evaluated by elevated plus maze (EPM) testing and hole-board test (HBT), whilst the locomotor activity was examined using the open-field test (OFT) and hole-cross test (HCT) and the antidepressant activity was assessed with the forced swimming test (FST) and the tail suspension test (TST). Results Regarding the anxiolytic activity, the 400-mg/kg doses of MEATL, NFATL, MEATS and NFATS exhibited maximum percentages of entry into the open arm of 33.85%, 32.23%, 30.06% and 41.84%, respectively, compare with the diazepam (69.33%). During HBT, MEATL (400 mg/kg) and NFATL (400 mg/kg) demonstrated 51.67 ± 0.88 and 57.67 ± 3.18 instances of head-dipping relative to diazepam (64.33 ± 3.16), whilst the locomotor activity showed a dose-dependent reduction in square movements and number of hole crossings. During FST and TST, the NFATL (400 mg/kg) exhibited rates of 43.32% and 57.71% time spent immobile, whilst fluoxetine experienced rates of 54.79% and 55.74%. Conclusion Adenia trilobata could be a potential component for the treatment of neuropharmacological defects. Further study is required.

Deeper Insights on Cnesmone javanica Blume Leaves Extract: Chemical Profiles, Biological Attributes, Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking

“…The behavioral tests used in this study are known to measure anxiolytic and antidepressant activities, and most have been previously validated [ 17 , 18 ]. The EPM and HBT represent the two most commonly used methods for screening anxiolytic effects [ 19 ]. The elevated plus maze (EPM) exposes the animal to elevated open and closed arms, and time spend in the open arm is an indication of reduced anxiety [ 18 , 20 ].…”

Chemical Profiles and Pharmacological Properties with in Silico Studies on Elatostema papillosum Wedd

“…Pharmacologically, COX-1 and COX-2 are responsible for the formation of prostanoids, which act in several pathways [ 29 , 30 ]. In general, the synthesis of prostanoids is mediated by phospholipase A 2 , which regulates the release of arachidonic acid from membrane phospholipids [ 4 , 31 ]. Therefore, COX inhibition correlates not only with the pharmacological inhibition of various downstream biochemical effects but also inhibits the synthesis of prostaglandins (PGs) [ 31 ].…”

“…Despite the availability of well-known antidepressant drugs [ 2 ], basic neuroscience suggests that the discovery of novel mechanisms may lead to the development of more effective pharmacotherapies, which has resulted in the exploration of new molecules with rapid-onset antidepressant and anxiolytic effects while being associated with fewer side effects than current medications [ 3 ]. The International Association for the Study of Pain defines pain as an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience, which is typically associated with actual or potential tissue damage [ 4 ]. Inflammation is the multifarious biological reaction of the vascular tissue in response to injurious stimuli, including the presence of pathogens, damaged cells, or irritants.…”

Antioxidant-Rich Woodfordia fruticosa Leaf Extract Alleviates Depressive-Like Behaviors and Impede Hyperglycemia

“…However, a significant class of drug molecules retrieved from natural products has been recorded to be RO5 outliers [ 157 ]. They are considered to be pharmacologically active and have desirable ADME/Tox properties, including decent oral bioavailability, even though they seldom meet the recommended “drug-likeness” parameters [ 158 , 159 ]. In addition to pharmacokinetic profiles, all compounds satisfied most of the absorption (excluding GI absorption) and metabolism parameters.…”