Dhaiphul (Woodfordia fruticosa) is a frequently demanded plant in South-East Asian regions for its diverse medicinal values. This study was proposed to examine antioxidant, antidiabetic, and antidepressant potentials of methanol extract of W. fruticosa leaves (MEWF) and its derived n-hexane (NHFMEWF) and ethyl acetate (EAFMEWF) fractions through in vitro, in vivo, and computational models. Among test samples, MEWF and EAFMEWF contained the highest phenolic content and showed maximal antioxidant activity in DPPH radical scavenging and ferric reducing power assays. In comparison, NHFMEWF possessed maximum flavonoid content and a significantly potent α-amylase inhibitory profile comparable with positive control acarbose. In animal models of depression (forced swimming and tail suspension test), EAFMEWF and NHFMEWF demonstrated a dose-dependent antidepressant-like effect; explicitly, the depressive-like behaviors significantly declined in EAFMEWF-treated dosing groups in contrast to the control group. In the computational analysis, previously isolated flavonoid compounds from Dhaiphul leaves manifested potent binding affinity against several key therapeutic target proteins of diabetes and depressive disorders including α-amylase, serotonin transporter, dopamine transporter, and neuronal nitric oxide synthase with varying pharmacokinetics and toxicity profiles. This research’s outcomes may provide potential dietary supplements for mitigating hyperglycemia, cellular toxicity, and depressive disorder.

Control of blood pressure during anesthesia is very crucial. Laryngoscopic manipulation and endotracheal intubation are always a matter of concern which capable of producing tachycardia, arrhythmias and hypertension which is generally well tolerated in healthy patient. In hypertensive patient cardiovascular response to laryngoscopy and intubation is exaggerated.  This study was conducted to assess the efficacy of different doses of dexmedetomidine in reduction of blood pressure during laryngoscopy and intubation in controlled hypertensive patient. This prospective Randomized controlled trial was carried out among 60 patients belonging to American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Physical Status II posted for elective general anesthesia. Patients were randomly divided into three groups where each groups contain twenty with fixed card sampling. Group A consisted of twenty (20) patients who were received IV dexmedetomidine 0.5 µg/kg diluted to 50 ml with normal saline.  Group B consisted of twenty (20) patients who were received IV dexmedetomidine 0.75 µg/kg diluted to 50 ml with normal saline. Group C consisted of twenty (20) patients who were received IV dexmedetomidine 1 µg/kg diluted to 50 ml with normal saline. Each infusions were started 10 minutes prior induction of general anesthesia and were given over 10 minutes. Baseline systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) were measured by one volunteer anesthesiologists by non-invasive blood pressure monitor. Following laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation, the parameters recorded were SBP, DBP and MAP at 1, 3 and 5 min after intubation by non-invasive blood pressure monitor. The primary outcome measures were blood pressure responses after intubation and secondary outcome measures were to note down any adverse effects associated with drugs.  In this study baseline readings of SBP, DBP and MAP were almost similar in all three groups and statistically not significant. Maximum intubation response was seen at 1 min post intubation in all the three groups. The mean SBP of group A varied from 144.8±8.4 mmHg to 118.5±4.4 mmHg that of group B varied from 134.8±4.1 to 122.0±4.2 mmHg and then group C varied from 126.5±15.5 mmHg to 103.8±8.4 mmHg during different evaluation period (p<0.05). The mean DBP of group A varied from 91.8±7.6 mmHg to 72.4±5.8 mmHg that of group B varied from 81.3±5.2 to 70.3±2.5 mmHg and then group C varied from 80.9±6.7 mmHg to 63.4±2.4 mmHg during different evaluation period (p<0.05). The mean MAP of group A varied from 109.0±5.6 mmHg to 87.5±4.4 mmHg that of group B varied from 98.7±2.5 to 86.3±3.4 mmHg and then group C varied from 95.5±9.2 mmHg to 76.5±3.4 mmHg during different evaluation period (p<0.05). The mean SBP at 1st hour was found 127.9±6.5 in group A, 131.6±6.4 group B and 131.5±7.1 group C. The DBP at 1st hour was found 126.8±6.4 in Group A, 131.4±6.8 in Group B and 131.8±6.1 in Group C. The mean MAP at 1st hours was found 93.2±3.7 in group A, 95.4±3.4 in Group B and 96.2±4.9 in Group C(p>0.05). Dexmedetomidine in doses of 0.75 µg/kg was more effective compared to 0.05 µg/kg and 1µg/kg in attenuating blood pressure response to laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation without producing adverse effects in control hypertensive patients. Bangladesh Med J. 2019 Sep; 48 (3): 1-8

Right painful, tender loin mass is an unusual presentations of acute appendicitis that arises difficulty in surgical practice. This "case of  right painful, tender loin mass results from perforation of retrocaecal appendix with known case of diabetes mellitus patient 50 years old age. This case facilitates the significance of contrast for abdominal computerized tomography scan for critically ill patient. Bangladesh Med J. 2018 Jan; 47 (3): 41-43

Optical urethrotomy has been considered standard therapy for anterior urethral stricture since its introduction in 1976. Now optical internal urethrotomy (OIU) with intralesional triamcinolone injection is a safe and effective, minimally invasive therapeutic modality. The aim of the study is to compare the outcome of OIU alone and OIU with intralesional triamcinolone injection in the treatment of anterior urethral stricture. This Quasi Experimental study was carried out among 50 male patients with bulbar urethral stricture in the Department of Urology, Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, over a period of six months. The age range of the patients were 32-46 years and patients were divided equally into two groups, OIU with and without intralesional triamcinolone acetonide injection as Group- A (experimental group, 25 patients) and Group- B (control group, 25 patients). Post-operative evaluation was done on the basis of history and uroflowmetry. Retrograde urethrography and micturating cystourethrography were done only in patient who developed obstructive voiding problems or flow rate below 10 ml/second. Follow up was done at regular interval on 7th day, 3rd month and 6th month. Post-operative outcomes were compared between two groups. Post-operative infection was significantly higher among those OIU with intralesional Triamcinolone acetonide injection (8%) than patients without intralesional Triamcinolone acetonide injection (4%). Per operative extravasations of urine were significantly higher among those without intralesional Triamcinolone acetonide injection (4%) than subjects with intralesional Triamcinolone acetonide injection. Extravasation not influenced by steroid but this patient subsequently suffered recurrence of stricture. In Group-A, pre and post-operative Q-max were 10.25±2.21 and 22.11±2.96 ml/sec respectively. In Group-B, pre and post-operative follow up Q-max were 10.37±2.55 and 19.54±2.65 mi/sec respectively. In Group-A, pre and post-operative voiding time was 85.20±4.20 and 27.10±3.36 sec respectively. In Group-B, pre and post-operative follow up voiding time were 86.37±4.55 and 31.45±2.55 sec respectively. Post-operative recurrences of stricture were significantly higher among those without intralesional Triamcinolone acetonide injection (24%) than subjects with intralesional Triamcinolone acetonide injection (12%). Post-operative it seems that triamcinolone injection after OIU is safe method to prevent the recurrence of urethral stricture Bangladesh Med J. 2019 Jan; 48 (1): 31-38