Possible prophylactic effect of omega-3 fatty acids on cadmium-induced neurotoxicity in rats’ brains

Abstract

Cadmium (Cd) has long been noted to induce neurodegenerative disorders. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the toxicological impact of Cd on rat brains and evaluate the possible ameliorative impact of omega-3 fatty acids as a protective agent of nervous system. Rats were divided into four groups: group I supplemented orally with saline; group II intoxicated with CdCl2 (5 mg/kg b.w. orally), and groups III and VI supplemented with omega-3 (100 mg/kg b.w. orally) simultaneously or before CdCl2 administration, respectively. Cd intoxication induced biochemical and histopathological disturbances in treated rats. Omega-3 fatty acid considerably improved the Cd-associated biochemical changes, reduced the elevation of lipid peroxidation, and normalized the Cd impact on the levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione-S-transferases, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine, heatshock protein70, nuclear factor-κB, and interferon-γ as well as of neuronal enzymes such as acetylecholinesterase and monoamine oxidase within the brains of treated rats. Additionally, histological findings supported the results that Cd treatment-induced neurodegenerative changes and that polyunsaturated fatty acids act as antioxidants and neuroprotective agents against Cd toxicity. Co-treatment with omega-3 fatty acid was more beneficial than pretreatment. Thus, omega-3 fatty acid should be included in diet to prevent or suppress neurodegenerative disorders caused by continuous exposure to Cd.

Protective and therapeutic effects of garlic and tomato on cadmium-induced neuropathology in mice

“…AChE was inhibited by high Cd concentration in vitro, and Cd 2+ is one of the metal inactivators of this enzyme and is capable of inducing a conformational change in the protein, which leads to the formation of an "unreactive" enzyme (Ma, Zhang, & Jiang, 2017). This decreased AChE may also be associated with the risk that cadmium has the ability to cross the blood brain barrier and get concentrated in the brain which induced peroxidation as well as oxidative stress (Alnahdi & Sharaf, 2019) leading to the production of free radicals (Pervin et al, 2014). Our results are in accordance with previous investigations (Antonio, Corredor, & Leret, 2003;Eck & Wilson, 1989;Gupta, Gupta, Murthy, & Chandra, 1993) in rats.…”

Prenatal intake of omega‐3 promotes Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway, and preserves integrity of the blood–brain barrier in preeclamptic rats

“…CD31 is a key endothelial adhesion protein mediating endothelial integrity and regulation of bioavailability of NO, and angiogenesis (Bagi et al, 2005;Liu et al, 2006;Maas et al, 2005). The histopathological alterations of choroid plexus and cerebral microvasculature in the preeclampsia group of the current study reflect considerable BBB dysfunction which essentially leads to vasogenic edema and subsequent hypertensive encephalopathy.…”

Ferulic acid influences Nrf2 activation to restore testicular tissue from cadmium‐induced oxidative challenge, inflammation, and apoptosis in rats

“…Additionally, the exposure of human and animals to Cd may be occupational exposure during the manufacturing processes as well as from mining, which may contribute to soil pollution, or via passive smoking by the general population (Almeer, Alarifi, et al., 2018). Cd accumulates in many tissues after its distribution via the circulatory system with subsequent multiple organ damage including testis (Alnahdi & Sharaf, 2019).…”