Possible Root Infection of Cercospora beticola in Sugar Beet

Vereijssen, Jessica; Schneider, Hans J.H.M.; Termorshuizen, Aad J.

doi:10.1023/b:ejpp.0000010130.38700.88

Cited by 30 publications

(31 citation statements)

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“…For example, no common multilocus genotypes were detected in C. beticola populations sampled from the same fields between years [52]. This finding was also supported by the identification of only C. chenopodii from CLS lesions on a common The predominant, primary source of inoculum for CLS epidemics in New York table beet fields is largely unknown, but epidemics often begin as random foci [41,42]. Secondary spread resulting in foci expansion within a field begins when conidia are dispersed through windborne rain splash, reach the surface of the leaves, and penetrate the leaves through stomata [38].…”

Section: Diseases Affecting Foliar Health-cercospora Leaf Spotmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…In a red table beet cultivar CLS lesions have a red to purple margin, but in yellow and white cultivars the margin color is tan to brown (Figure 3a; [39,40]). Infection of roots [41,42] and crown lesions have been associated rarely with infection by C. beticola in sugar beet [43] but not reported on table beet [39]. The presence of pseudostromata (a thickened mycelial mass that gives rise to conidia) within the lesions that may be observed with a hand lens in the field is diagnostic [38].…”

Section: Diseases Affecting Foliar Health-cercospora Leaf Spotmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The disease also causes significant losses to the sugar beet industry across the USA, estimated at approximately $45 million annually, due to reduced yield and fungicide application costs [44,45]. The predominant, primary source of inoculum for CLS epidemics in New York table beet fields is largely unknown, but epidemics often begin as random foci [41,42]. Secondary spread resulting in foci expansion within a field begins when conidia are dispersed through windborne rain splash, reach the surface of the leaves, and penetrate the leaves through stomata [38].…”

Section: Diseases Affecting Foliar Health-cercospora Leaf Spotmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Challenges and Prospects for Building Resilient Disease Management Strategies and Tactics for the New York Table Beet Industry

et al. 2018

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Abstract:The New York table beet industry is expanding and has unique challenges to minimize crop loss in both conventional and organic production. Diseases may reduce plant population density and increase heterogeneity in a stand, reduce the duration of time foliage is healthy, and decrease the yield of marketable roots. Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn and Pythium ultimum Trow are dominant in the pathogen complex affecting crop stand and root health. Cercospora leaf spot (CLS) caused by the fungus, Cercospora beticola Sacc

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Section: Diseases Affecting Foliar Health-cercospora Leaf Spotmentioning

confidence: 78%

Section: Diseases Affecting Foliar Health-cercospora Leaf Spotmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Diseases Affecting Foliar Health-cercospora Leaf Spotmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Challenges and Prospects for Building Resilient Disease Management Strategies and Tactics for the New York Table Beet Industry

et al. 2018

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“…The fungus causes welldefined, circular lesions on the leaves, enlarging to a maximum of 2-5 mm. Lesions are tan to light brown with dark brown or reddish purple margins and elongated lesions occur on petioles (Ruppel, 1986;Vereijssen, 2004). Minute black dots, pseudostromata, are often visible at the centre of Wind-dispersal is considered of minor importance (McKay and Pool, 1918;Meredith, 1967) and occurs only over short distances, e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…First, crop debris has repeatedly been demonstrated to serve as a source of inoculum when a new sugar beet crop is planted (McKay and Pool, 1918;Nagel, 1938;Knapp, 1954;Koch, 1958;Giannopolitis, 1978). At the start of a CLS epidemic, patches of diseased plants can be observed (Vereijssen, 2004), which may indicate the presence of soil-borne inoculum. Second, Stolze (cited in Plotho, 1951) reported infection of beet plants in the field when infected leaf material was buried up to 25 cm deep.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Root infection of sugar beet by Cercospora beticola in a climate chamber and in the field

2005

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Sugar beet root infection by Cercospora beticola, the causal agent of Cercospora leaf spot (CLS), was studied in a climate chamber and in the field. In the climate chamber, root incubation of susceptible seedlings with a conidial suspension resulted in disease incidences that were significantly different for two sugar beet cultivars (Auris: 0.8 ± 0.14 and A00170: 0.5 ± 0.18; P < 0.05) with regard to the control treatment 35 days after root incubation in a standard potting soil-fine river sand mixture. In a field trial with susceptible cv. Savannah with soil-incorporated CLS-infested leaf material, disease developed four weeks earlier in the infested plots than in the control plots. The probability that disease develops in the field was significantly higher for the infested than for the control plots (P < 0.05). Symptomless plants from infested field plots transferred to the glasshouse to induce leaf spot symptoms showed a significantly higher probability to induce symptom development (0.4 ± 0.08), than plants from control plots (0.02 ± 0.02) (P < 0.05) 14 days after transfer. This probability was significantly higher than for plants that remained in three of the infested field plots (0.2 ± 0.04; 0.2 ± 0.05 and 0.2 ± 0.04 respectively), except for one infested field plot (0.4 ± 0.05) on July 5. We conclude that C. beticola is able to infect sugar beet seedlings through their roots and that latent CLS infections in sugar beet lead to symptom development at high temperatures (>20°C) and high relative humidity (>95%) in our climate chamber or after canopy closure in the field. Quantification of root infection and long term survival in soil is necessary to assess its contribution to the epidemiology and life cycle of Cercospora beticola. Cultural methods such as a wider crop rotation, management of crop debris and ploughing systems may provide control strategies alternative to or reducing fungicide input.

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M agnaporthe and Its Relatives

Ortega-Campayo¹,

Pérez-Martín²,

Sesma³

2018

Encyclopedia of Life Sciences

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One of the main current societal challenges is the production of food supplies to feed a constantly growing human population. In the forthcoming years, we will have to increase the global production of staple cereals such as rice to achieve this goal. Several factors compromise this objective, including the variation of raining patterns due to climate change and pathogen infections that drastically reduce crop yields. Wheat and rice are frequently affected by diseases caused by several root‐infecting species of Magnaporthales such as Gaeumannomyces graminis , Magnaporthiopsis rhizophila and Nakatea oryzae (syn. Magnaporthe salvinii ). Other economically significant root pathogen of this fungal family is Magnaporthiopsis poae , which causes severe damages in turfs used for sport courts flooring and home lawns. The blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae , an extremely damaging airborne fungal pathogen of wheat and rice, also infects underground tissues. This is in accordance with the distinct penetration strategies displayed by M. oryzae during aerial and underground plant colonisation. Key Concepts A clade is a phylogenetic group, which comprises a single common ancestor and all the descendants of that ancestor. The appressorium in Magnaporthales is a melanised fungal structure required for penetration of aerial plant tissues, and it is formed at the tips of spore germ tubes or hyphae. An hyphopodium in Magnaporthales is a specialised structure produced at the tip of the hyphae to penetrate roots. Gaemannomyces sp . can produce simple or lobed hyphopodia. M. oryzae produces simple hyphopodia. Disease‐suppressive soils are soils in which little or no disease occurs under favorable conditions for disease development. Generally, this is due to the presence of indigenous soil microbes. The immune response in rice roots and leaves against the blast disease differs.

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Possible Root Infection of Cercospora beticola in Sugar Beet

Cited by 30 publications

References 5 publications

Challenges and Prospects for Building Resilient Disease Management Strategies and Tactics for the New York Table Beet Industry

Challenges and Prospects for Building Resilient Disease Management Strategies and Tactics for the New York Table Beet Industry

Root infection of sugar beet by Cercospora beticola in a climate chamber and in the field

M agnaporthe and Its Relatives

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