Possible sources of PM10 in Prince George (Canada) as revealed by morphology and in situ chemical composition of particulate

Breed, C.A; Arocena, J. M.; Sutherland, Douglas

doi:10.1016/s1352-2310(01)00500-3

Cited by 57 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The ZAF-correction method is ideal for flat, homogenous samples, whereas particles of highly variable sizes and shapes reduce the accuracy of ZAFcorrected elemental results. This problem has been discussed in many articles, and the conclusion is that the accuracy of elemental analysis is sufficient to identify various particle types and to compare differences in elemental ratios of the same particle type in various samples (Gao and Anderson, 2001;Breed et al, 2002;Paoletti et al, 2002;Kupiainen et al, 2003). .…”

Section: Individual Particle Analyses By Sem/edxmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization and source identification of a fine particle episode in Finland

Niemi

Tervahattu

Vehkamäki

et al. 2004

Atmospheric Environment

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A strong long-range transported (LRT) fine particle (PM 2:5 ) episode occurred from March 17-22, 2002 over large areas of Finland. Most of the LRT particle mass was in the submicrometre size fraction. The number of concentrations of 90-500 nm particles increased by a factor of 5.6 during the episode, but the concentrations of particles smaller than 90 nm decreased. This reduction of the smallest particles was caused by suppressed gas-to-particle conversion due to the vapour uptake of LRT particles. Individual particle analyses using SEM/EDX showed that the proportion of sulphurrich particles rose strongly during the episode and that the relative weight percentage of potassium was unusually high in these particles. The median S/K ratios of S-rich particles were 2.1 at the beginning of the episode, 5.2 at the peak stage of the episode and 8.9 during the reference days. The high proportion of K is a clear indication of emissions from biomass burning, because K is a good tracer of biomass-burning aerosols. Trajectories and satellite detections of fire areas indicated that the main source of biomass-burning aerosols was large-scale agricultural field burning in the Baltic countries, Belarus, Ukraine and Russia. The higher S/K ratio of S-rich particles during the peak stage was obviously due to the increased proportion of fossil fuel-burning emissions in the LRT particle mass, since air masses arrived from the more polluted areas of Europe at that time. The concentrations of sulphate, total nitrate and total ammonium increased during the episode. Our results suggest that large-scale agricultural field burning may substantially affect PM 2:5 concentrations under unfavourable meteorological conditions even at distances over 1000 km from the burning areas. r

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Section: Individual Particle Analyses By Sem/edxmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization and source identification of a fine particle episode in Finland

Niemi

Tervahattu

Vehkamäki

et al. 2004

Atmospheric Environment

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“…This instrumentation has been used in individual particle studies. [33][34][35][36][37] The SEM/EDX samples were prepared by attaching a segment of the filter onto an aluminum (Al) plate. The samples were coated with C (Agar SEM Carbon Coater) to make the sample surface conductive.…”

Section: Sem/edx Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Unleaded Gasoline Introduction on the Concentration of Lead in the Air of Dhaka, Bangladesh

Biswas

Tarafdar

Islam

et al. 2003

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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“…This instrumentation has been used in individual particle studies, (e.g. Mamane et al, 1980;Kasparian et al, 1998;Ganor et al, 1998;Breed et al, 2002). The SEMyEDX samples were prepared by pressing a tape (Scotch Ruban Adhesive) attached to an aluminum plate onto the filter surface covered with particles.…”

Section: The Sampling and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental studies about the impact of traction sand on urban road dust composition

Kupiainen

Tervahattu

Räisänen

2003

Science of The Total Environment

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Traffic causes enhanced PM resuspension especially during spring in the US, Japan, Norway, Sweden and 10 Finland, among other countries. The springtime PM consists primarily of mineral matter from tyre-induced paved 10 road surface wear and traction sand. In some countries, the majority of vehicles are equipped with studded tyres to enhance traction, which additionally increases road surface wear. Because the traction sand and the mineral matter from the pavement aggregate can have a similar mineralogical composition, it has been difficult to determine the source of the mineral fraction in the PM . In this study, homogenous traction sand and pavement aggregate with 10 different mineralogical compositions were chosen to determine the sources of PM particles by single particle 10 analysis (SEMyEDX). This study was conducted in a test facility, which made it possible to rule out dust contributions from other sources. The ambient PM concentrations were higher when traction sand was used, regardless of whether 10 the tyres were studded or not. Surprisingly, the use of traction sand greatly increased the number of the particles originating from the pavement. It was concluded that sand must contribute to pavement wear. This phenomenon is called the sandpaper effect. An understanding of this is important to reduce harmful effects of springtime road dust in practical winter maintenance of urban roads ᮊ

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Possible sources of PM10 in Prince George (Canada) as revealed by morphology and in situ chemical composition of particulate

Cited by 57 publications

References 26 publications

Characterization and source identification of a fine particle episode in Finland

Characterization and source identification of a fine particle episode in Finland

Impact of Unleaded Gasoline Introduction on the Concentration of Lead in the Air of Dhaka, Bangladesh

Experimental studies about the impact of traction sand on urban road dust composition

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