Post-cardiac injury syndrome following transvenous pacemaker insertion: A case report and review of the literature

Incidence and Predictors of Pericardial Effusion After Permanent Heart Rhythm Device Implantation

“…The mechanism responsible for acute effusive pericarditis following permanent HRD implantation is unclear and only 10 cases have been reported in the literature since 1975. 15 The underlying mechanisms may involve damage of the mesothelial pericardial cells and accumulation of small amounts of blood in the pericardial space, 18 causing a hypersensitivity reaction to these cardiac antigens. Post-cardiac injury syndrome, however, has also been described in children following orthotopic cardiac transplantation.…”

Acute Pericardial Tamponade and Right Ventricular Perforation Induced by Pacemaker Insertion

“…Cardiac perforation after pacemaker insertion can occur within twenty-four hours, within one month and after one month, which are termed as acute, subacute and chronic cardiac perforations, respectively [1]. Compared to chronic cardiac perforation, acute cardiac perforation is more common [3], carries worse prognosis and higher mortality [2]. Risk factors for cardiac perforation and pericardial effusion include older age, female sex, low body mass index, corticosteroid use and the use of anticoagulants [2,4].…”

Postcardiac Injury Syndrome Following Transvenous Pacer or Defibrillator Insertion: CT Imaging and Review of the Literature

“…5,6 Published series of patients undergoing permanent pacemaker insertion reveal an incidence of pericarditis ranging between 1% and 5%-almost all of them detected during the first month after the procedure. 4,7 The Mayo Clinic reported their experience with 4280 permanent pacemaker implantations in 2005 and found that 1.2% of patients developed significant effusion and symptoms consistent with perforation. 7 Although only a few case reports after temporary pacing wire insertion have been published in the literature, the Mayo experience showed this event to occur more frequently in patients who had required a temporary transvenous pacemaker.…”

“…4,7 The Mayo Clinic reported their experience with 4280 permanent pacemaker implantations in 2005 and found that 1.2% of patients developed significant effusion and symptoms consistent with perforation. 7 Although only a few case reports after temporary pacing wire insertion have been published in the literature, the Mayo experience showed this event to occur more frequently in patients who had required a temporary transvenous pacemaker. 7 Delayed lead perforation (defined as migration and perforation after 1 month of implantation) is expected to occur in 0.1%-0.8% of pacemaker and 0.6%-5.2 % of implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) implantations.…”

“…7 Although only a few case reports after temporary pacing wire insertion have been published in the literature, the Mayo experience showed this event to occur more frequently in patients who had required a temporary transvenous pacemaker. 7 Delayed lead perforation (defined as migration and perforation after 1 month of implantation) is expected to occur in 0.1%-0.8% of pacemaker and 0.6%-5.2 % of implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) implantations. 8 However, a recent series of 100 patients undergoing computed tomography (CT) imaging for a reason nonrelated to the device found 15% of cases with cardiac lead perforation.…”