Post-combat invincibility: Violent combat experiences are associated with increased risk-taking propensity following deployment

Killgore, William D. S.; Cotting, Dave I.; Thomas, Jeffrey L.; Cox, Anthony L.; McGurk, Dennis; Vo, Alexander H.; Castro, Carl A.; Hoge, Charles W.

doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2008.01.001

Cited by 300 publications

(237 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Knapik et al suggest mortality rates will decline over time and risky behavior will decrease as part of readaptation for returning combat Veterans [42]. Others have suggested this process can be facilitated through identification of highrisk or sensation-seeking Veterans and provision of behavioral or medical interventions [43].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploratory pilot study of driving perceptions among OIF/OEF Veterans with mTBI and PTSD

Hannold¹,

Classen²,

Winter³

et al. 2013

J Rehabil Res Dev

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Abstract-Veterans of Iraq and Afghanistan may experience driving-related challenges postdeployment, including more atfault crashes. Causes may include defensive driving tactics learned for combat zones and consequences of traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Tailoring driver interventions to meet Veterans' needs requires an understanding of their driving perceptions. We explored the driving perceptions of five combat Veterans (4 men, 1 woman) with mild TBI and PTSD using grounded theory methods. Veterans participated in single, semistructured interviews during a comprehensive driving evaluation. Interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed verbatim, verified, and imported into NVivo 8 software for coding and analysis. Veterans were insightful about driving and identified specific environmental triggers for anxious driving, speeding, and road rage. Veterans used strategies to moderate driving behaviors, but continued to drive aggressively. Themes were used to develop a conceptual framework of driving postdeployment, laying the foundation for intervention studies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploratory pilot study of driving perceptions among OIF/OEF Veterans with mTBI and PTSD

Hannold¹,

Classen²,

Winter³

et al. 2013

J Rehabil Res Dev

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“…endorsed least frequently in this study, which is in contrast to the majority of driving studies on Veterans [3,5].…”

Section: Tablementioning

confidence: 55%

“…For example, Killgore et al assessed risk-taking propensity in soldiers 3 mo after they returned from Iraq [5]. Another explanation is that our sample is older (mean = 31.5 yr) than in other studies observing Veteran risk-taking propensity [2,5].…”

Section: Tablementioning

confidence: 86%

“…Data suggest that post-9/11 military Veterans have difficulties readjusting to civilian driving patterns after returning home from deployment [2][3]; deployment history is associated with increased risky driving behavior and MVAs [4], and combat exposure may increase risk-taking propensity [5]. Moreover, the prevalence of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in the post-9/11 combat Veteran population appears to increase driving difficulties [6][7][8].…”

Section: Combat Veterans Of Iraq and Afghanistan (Operation Iraqi Frementioning

confidence: 99%

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Preliminary findings of a novel measure of driving behaviors in Veterans with comorbid TBI and PTSD

2016

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Abstract-Veterans of the military operations in Iraq andAfghanistan are at an elevated risk of driving-related accidents and fatalities compared with civilians. Combat exposure, military driving training, risk-seeking, traumatic brain injury (TBI), and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are all factors associated with driving-related risk. However, few empirical studies have observed driving patterns in this population, and the influence of these contributing factors remains unclear. This study utilized a novel self-report measure to assess driving behaviors, driving-related anxiety, and emotional experiences of military Veterans who have returned to civilian driving. This questionnaire was completed by 23 combat Veterans diagnosed with comorbid TBI and PTSD and 10 nondisabled combat Veterans. Drivers with TBI and PTSD reported more frequent high-risk driving behaviors and higher levels of anxiety while driving in certain situations than nondisabled combat Veterans. These preliminary findings highlight the importance of studying on-the-road situations and cues that produce anxiety in Veterans, particularly those with TBI and PTSD. A greater understanding of driving-related anxiety is needed to inform targeted and effective interventions for unsafe driving in Veterans.

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“…Traumatic experiences while on deployment were measured using an eight-item questionnaire, derived from the larger 34-item Combat Exposure Scale (Hoge et al, 2004; Killgore et al, 2008), which asked participants to indicate whether they had ever experienced the indicated scenario on any deployment. Items were meant to capture a wide array of combat-related traumatic experiences.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deployment-related trauma and post-traumatic stress disorder: does gender matter?

Frank

Zamorski

Lee

et al. 2018

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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Objective: Military research has attempted to identify whether women have an increased vulnerability to mental health issues following deployment-related trauma, but findings have been mixed. Most studies have controlled for childhood abuse, but not other non-deployment trauma (e.g. life-threatening illness), which may partly explain previous mixed results. This study assessed gender differences in the association between deployment-related trauma and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) while controlling for non-deployment trauma.Methods: Data came from the 2013 Canadian Forces Mental Health Survey. Regular or reserve personnel who had been deployed at least once were included in this study (n = 5980). Logistic regression was used to examine the interaction between gender and deployment-related trauma in predicting lifetime PTSD.Results: After controlling for non-deployment trauma, the association of gender with PTSD went from being significant to being marginally significant. The interaction between gender and deployment-related trauma was not significant.Conclusion: Though controlling for non-deployment trauma did not completely dissipate gender differences in PTSD, such differences were greatly reduced, indicating that these may be partly related to traumatic experiences outside deployment. As gender did not moderate the link between deployment-related trauma and PTSD, the findings suggest that trauma experienced while on deployment does not disproportionately affect women compared to their male counterparts.

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Post-combat invincibility: Violent combat experiences are associated with increased risk-taking propensity following deployment

Cited by 300 publications

References 31 publications

Exploratory pilot study of driving perceptions among OIF/OEF Veterans with mTBI and PTSD

Exploratory pilot study of driving perceptions among OIF/OEF Veterans with mTBI and PTSD

Preliminary findings of a novel measure of driving behaviors in Veterans with comorbid TBI and PTSD

Deployment-related trauma and post-traumatic stress disorder: does gender matter?

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