Post-exercise ketosis and the glycogen content of liver and muscle in rats on a high carbohydrate diet

Adams, J H; Koeslag, J. H.

doi:10.1007/bf02386186

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 34 publications

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“…The lipid available for liver uptake may derive from the diet [1] or from mobilisation of fatty acids (FAs) from the adipose tissue, followed by the transport in the circulation, [2], which requires specific transporters such as albumin, while diet lipids in the form of triacylglycerol (TG) are transported by chylomicra and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL). In the liver, specific transporters (FAT and L-FABP) are involved in the uptake and intracellular traffic of these molecules [3, 4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise Intensity Modulation of Hepatic Lipid Metabolism

Lira

Carnevali

Zanchi

et al. 2012

Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism

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Lipid metabolism in the liver is complex and involves the synthesis and secretion of very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), ketone bodies, and high rates of fatty acid oxidation, synthesis, and esterification. Exercise training induces several changes in lipid metabolism in the liver and affects VLDL secretion and fatty acid oxidation. These alterations are even more conspicuous in disease, as in obesity, and cancer cachexia. Our understanding of the mechanisms leading to metabolic adaptations in the liver as induced by exercise training has advanced considerably in the recent years, but much remains to be addressed. More recently, the adoption of high intensity exercise training has been put forward as a means of modulating hepatic metabolism. The purpose of the present paper is to summarise and discuss the merit of such new knowledge.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise Intensity Modulation of Hepatic Lipid Metabolism

Lira

Carnevali

Zanchi

et al. 2012

Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism

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The glucoregulatory response to high-intensity aerobic exercise following training in rats with insulin-treated type 1 diabetes mellitus

McDonald

Murray

Grisé

et al. 2016

Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab.

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An acute bout of exercise elicits a rapid, potentially deleterious, reduction in blood glucose in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). In the current study, we examined whether a 10-week aerobic training program could alleviate the rapid exercise-associated reduction in blood glucose through changes in the glucoregulatory hormonal response or increased hepatic glycogen storage in an insulin-treated rat model of T1DM. Thirty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided evenly into 4 groups: non-T1DM sedentary (C) (n = 8), non-T1DM exercised (CX) (n = 8), T1DM sedentary (D) (n = 8), and T1DM exercised (DX) (n = 8). Exercise training consisted of treadmill running for 5 days/week (1 h, 27 m/min, 6% grade) for 10 weeks. T1DM was induced by multiple streptozotocin injections (20 mg/kg) followed by implantation of subcutaneous insulin pellets. At week 1, an acute exercise bout led to a significant reduction in blood glucose in DX (p < 0.05), whereas CX exhibited an increase in blood glucose (p < 0.05). During acute exercise, serum epinephrine was increased in both DX and CX (p < 0.05), whereas serum glucagon was increased during recovery only in CX (p < 0.01). Following aerobic training in DX, the exercise-mediated reduction in blood glucose remained; however, serum glucagon increased to the same extent as in CX (p < 0.05). DX exhibited significantly less hepatic glycogen (p < 0.001) despite elevations in glycogenic proteins in the liver (p < 0.05). Elevated serum epinephrine and decreased hepatic adrenergic receptor expression were also evident in DX (p < 0.05). In summary, despite aerobic training in DX, abrupt blood glucose reductions and hepatic glycogen deficiencies were evident. These data suggest that sympathetic overactivity may contribute to deficiencies in hepatic glycogen storage.

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Defining ketone supplementation: the evolving evidence for postexercise ketone supplementation to improve recovery and adaptation to exercise

Robberechts,

Poffé

2024

American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology

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Over the last decade, there has been a growing interest in the use of ketone supplements to improve athletic performance. These ketone supplements transiently elevate the concentrations of the ketone bodies acetoacetate (AcAc) and D-β-hydroxybutyrate (βHB) in the circulation. Early studies showed that ketone bodies can improve energetic efficiency in striated muscle compared to glucose oxidation and induce a glycogen-sparing effect during exercise. As such, most research has focused on the potential of ketone supplementation to improve athletic performance via ingestion of ketones immediately before or during exercise. However, subsequent studies generally observed no performance improvement, and particularly not under conditions that are relevant for most athletes. However, more and more studies are reporting beneficial effects when ketones are ingested after exercise. As such, the real potential of ketone supplementation may rather be in their ability to enhance post-exercise recovery and training adaptations. For instance, recent studies observed that post-exercise ketone supplementation (PEKS) blunts the development of overtraining symptoms, and improves sleep, muscle anabolic signaling, circulating erythropoietin levels, and skeletal muscle angiogenesis. In this review, we provide an overview of the current state-of-the-art about the impact of PEKS on aspects of exercise recovery and training adaptation, which is not only relevant for athletes but also in multiple clinical conditions. In addition, we highlight the underlying mechanisms by which PEKS may improve exercise recovery and training adaptation. This includes epigenetic effects, signaling via receptors, modulation of neurotransmitters, energy metabolism, and oxidative and anti-inflammatory pathways.

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Post-exercise ketosis and the glycogen content of liver and muscle in rats on a high carbohydrate diet

Cited by 5 publications

References 34 publications

Exercise Intensity Modulation of Hepatic Lipid Metabolism

Exercise Intensity Modulation of Hepatic Lipid Metabolism

The glucoregulatory response to high-intensity aerobic exercise following training in rats with insulin-treated type 1 diabetes mellitus

Defining ketone supplementation: the evolving evidence for postexercise ketone supplementation to improve recovery and adaptation to exercise

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