Post-Exposure Prophylaxis of HIV Infection in Healthcare Workers: Recommendations for the European Setting

Puro, Vincenzo; Cicalini, Stefania; Carli, Gabriella De; Soldani, Fabio; Antúnes, Francisco; Balslev, Ulla; Begovać, Josip; Bernasconi, Enos; Boaventura, J L; Martí, Magda Campins; Čivljak, Rok; Evans, Barry; Francioli, P.; Genasi, F.; Larsen, Christine; Lot, Florence; Lunding, Suzanne; Marcus, Ulrich; Pereira, Álvaro; Thomas, T; Schönwald, S; Ippolito, Giuseppe

doi:10.1023/b:ejep.0000032349.57057.8a

Cited by 24 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Several factors such as the sex of the patient, clinical condition, drug classes or agent used, pre-existing illness like liver dysfunction, are known to be associated with the occurrence, type and severity of ADRs among patients taking ART. 30 The use of HAART has had an important impact on the course and treatment of the disease and diseaserelated morbidity of HIV-infected patients, increasing their life span and quality of life. However, it has been reported that these advantages have been accompanied by a marked increase in the number of adverse drug reactions (ADRs), including minor and serious adverse drug reactions.…”

Section: Adr and Magnitude Of Adrs Of Arv Drugsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of ADRs and Associated Factors of Antiretroviral Treatment on HIV Positive Adults at Jush

Tatiparthi¹,

Mamo²

2015

IJOPP

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A cross sectional study is designed to assess the prevalence of adverse drug reactions and its associated factors on who are already under Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy. Considerable progress has been made to access the therapy since the decades, even though; currently five million people do not have an access to HIV therapy, it just represents 35% only. The objective of present research is to assess the prevalence of ADRs and its associated factors on HAART at Jimma University Specialized Hospital. The data was pooled by reviewing the previous clinical records of HIV positive adults, who admitted from January 2010 to December 2013. The total sample size is found to be 233. The results showed from the total of 233 patients, 70.8% were developed ADRs and the most of them are nausea, vomiting and diarrhea at 18.9%, 15% and 7.7% respectively, and the least one is hepatotoxicity at 0.43% only. The prevalence of ADRs of HAART was high at JUSH. Low CD 4 cell count was identified at initial stages and concomitant use of cotrimoxazole with ARVs is the major risk factor for ADRs. Thus, health care providers working in the JUSH ART clinic need to monitor the CD 4 count of patients, particularly those treated with combination of antibiotics and ARVs.

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Section: Adr and Magnitude Of Adrs Of Arv Drugsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of ADRs and Associated Factors of Antiretroviral Treatment on HIV Positive Adults at Jush

Tatiparthi¹,

Mamo²

2015

IJOPP

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“…Mathematical projections estimate up to 80% HIV-1 reduction, 174,175 but scarce observational data currently exist. 176 Post-exposure prophylaxis is recommended after occupational (eg, needle stick) 177 and non-occupational (eg, rape, sexual abuse) 178 exposure, although data for efficacy and optimum drug combinations are few. 179 Some clinical trials assessing the benefits of once daily pre-exposure chemoprophylaxis with antiretroviral compounds with long biological half-life (eg, tenofovir) have been put on hold or stopped.…”

Section: Sexual Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV/AIDS epidemiology, pathogenesis, prevention, and treatment

2006

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The HIV-1 pandemic is a complex mix of diverse epidemics within and between countries and regions of the world, and is undoubtedly the defining public-health crisis of our time. Research has deepened our understanding of how the virus replicates, manipulates, and hides in an infected person. Although our understanding of pathogenesis and transmission dynamics has become more nuanced and prevention options have expanded, a cure or protective vaccine remains elusive. Antiretroviral treatment has transformed AIDS from an inevitably fatal condition to a chronic, manageable disease in some settings. This transformation has yet to be realised in those parts of the world that continue to bear a disproportionate burden of new HIV-1 infections and are most a % ected by increasing morbidity and mortality. This Seminar provides an update on epidemiology, pathogenesis, treatment, and prevention interventions pertinent to HIV-1. HIV pandemicAn estimated 38·6 (33·4-46·0) million people live with HIV-1 worldwide, while about 25 million have died already. 1 In 2005 alone, there were 4·1 million new HIV-1 infections and 2·8 million AIDS deaths. 1 These estimates mask the dynamic nature of this evolving epidemic in relation to temporal changes, geographic distribution, magnitude, viral diversity, and mode of transmission. Today, there is no region of the world untouched by this pandemic (figure 1). 2 Heterosexual transmission remains the dominant mode of transmission and accounts for about 85% of all HIV-1 infections. Southern Africa remains the epicentre of the pandemic and continues to have high rates of new HIV-1 infections. 3 Although overall HIV-1 prevalence remains low in the emerging epidemics in China and India, the absolute numbers, which are fast approaching those seen in southern Africa, are of concern. 1 Outside of sub-Saharan Africa, a third of all HIV-1 infections are acquired through injecting drug use, most (an estimated 8·8 million) of which are in eastern Europe and central and southeast Asia. 1 The rapid spread of HIV-1 in these regions through injecting drug use is of importance, since it is a bridge for rapid establishment of more generalised epidemics. NIH-PA Author ManuscriptA defining feature of the pandemic in the current decade is the increasing burden of HIV-1 infections in women, 4 which has additional implications for mother-to-child transmission. Women now make up about 42% of those infected worldwide; over 70% of whom live in sub-Saharan Africa. 1 Overall, a quarter of all new HIV-1 infections are in adults aged younger than 25 years. 1 HIV-1 infection rates are three to six times higher in female adolescents than in their male counterparts, 1,5-7 and this difference is attributed to sexual coupling patterns of young women with older men. Population prevalence of HIV-1 infection, concurrent sexual relationships, partner change, sexual practices, the presence of other sexually transmitted diseases, [8][9][10][11] and population mobility patterns 12-14 for economic and other reasons (eg, natu...

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“…These have been shown to reduce the need for unnecessary ingestion of PEP, thereby reducing the prescription of potentially toxic medication and producing a cost saving [26,27]. European guidelines recommend the use of such tests where available [28]. If the source is unknown or a known source patient refuses an HIV test, then the decision to start PEP should be based on the type and risk of the exposure and the wishes of the patient.…”

Section: Risk Assessment and Immediate Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%