Post harvest biological control of apple bitter rot by soil-borne Actinomycetes and molecular identification of the active antagonist

Application of Soil‐borne Actinomycetes for Biological Control against Fusarium Wilt of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum) caused by Fusarium solani fsp pisi

“…Glasses were removed and plates were aerated in a fume hood for 2 h (Sadeghian et al 2016). Plates were incubated 30°C for 3 days and colonies were exposed to the solvent by uncovering plates for 3 h over the watch glasses containing 5 ml of chloroform.…”

“…Plates were incubated at 28°C for a week and inspected for hallow zones around growing colonies indicating proteolytic activity (Dunne et al 2000;Rodarte et al 2011;Sadeghian et al 2016). A 5-mm disc was taken from well-grown colony of each antagonist and transferred to the medium.…”

“…Regarding the preparation of crude extracts, 3 days after inoculation when the maximum activity was reached, spore and additional materials were removed by filtration through three layers of cheesecloth. The culture filtrates were freeze-dried and kept refrigerated for the next experiments (Jorjandi et al 2009;Sadeghian et al 2016).…”

“…A 5-mm disc was taken from well-grown colony of each antagonist and transferred to the medium. Plates were incubated at 28°C for a week and inspected for hallow zones around growing colonies indicating proteolytic activity (Dunne et al 2000;Rodarte et al 2011;Sadeghian et al 2016). Lipolytic activity of antagonists was determined by following a method utilized by Sadeghian et al (2016).…”

“…Plates were incubated at 28°C for a week and inspected for hallow zones around growing colonies indicating proteolytic activity (Dunne et al 2000;Rodarte et al 2011;Sadeghian et al 2016). Lipolytic activity of antagonists was determined by following a method utilized by Sadeghian et al (2016). A 3-mm disc was transferred to the medium containing 1% peptone, 0.5% NaCl, 0.01% CaCl 2 and 1.5% agar, supplemented with 10 ml of autoclaved Tween-80.…”