Post-hatching evolution of the pineal gland of the chicken

Boya, J; Calvo, J.

doi:10.1159/000144943

Cited by 25 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Relatively little attention has been directed toward this type of avian pinealocyte (Vollrath 1981). Boya and Calvo (1980) consider that chicken parafollicular cells represent the same type of cells as the follicular cells, although there is no clearcut structural polarization. Ohshima and Matsuo (1988) have suggested that the parafollicular cell of the chicken pineal organ is a type of pinealocyte, because of the occasional presence of granular vesicles and synaptic ribbons, although they have not found a bulbous protrusion carrying a sensory cilium.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunoelectron-microscopic investigation of the subcellular localization of pinopsin in the pineal organ of the chicken

Hirunagi

Ebihara

Okano

et al. 1997

Cell and Tissue Research

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Pinopsin is a photoreceptive molecule cloned from the chicken pineal organ. An antibody highly specific for pinopsin was applied in light- and electron-microscopic immunocytochemical studies of the pineal organ of 1 to 2-month-old chickens. Intense immunoreactivity was found in the follicular lumen at the light-microscopic level. In addition, small immunoreactive spherical or fibrous structures were diffusely distributed at the parafollicular aspect of the pineal organ. To identify immunoreactive elements precisely, we used pre-embedding immunoelectron microscopy. These studies revealed immunoreactive outer segments of pinealocytes arranged closely side by side in the follicular lumina. The thin initial portion of the outer segment arose from a basal body located in the inner segment. Immunoreactive pear-shaped outer segments occupied small lumina. Follicular lumina displayed immunonegative arrays of whorl-like lamellar membranes. Occasionally, these immunonegative structures were surrounded by immunoreactive concentric lamellar complexes. In the parafollicular pineal parenchyma, long slender cilium-like structures or enlarged cilia and concentric lamellar arrays showed intense immunoreactivity. All immunoreactive structures observed in this study were considered to represent outer segments of pinealocytes of the chicken pineal organ.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunoelectron-microscopic investigation of the subcellular localization of pinopsin in the pineal organ of the chicken

Hirunagi

Ebihara

Okano

et al. 1997

Cell and Tissue Research

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“…The parenchyma consists of numerous small follicles. The pineal stalk of adult chicken is very short; in general, the parenchyma has a compact appearance and thus resembles the glandular structure of the mammalian pineal (Boya and Calvo, 1978). In adult Japanese quail the pineal stalk is thin and long and the parenchyma is follicular, arranged around very narrow lumen.…”

Section: Transformation Of Avian Pineal Organ From Photosensory To Enmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensory and endocrine characteristics of the avian pineal organ

Sato

2001

Microscopy Res & Technique

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The avian pineal organ represents a transitional type between a photosensory organ of lower vertebrates and the endocrine gland of mammals and shows remarkable changes in its innervation and structure during ontogeny. In the avian pineal organ the progressive reduction of the pinealofugal component and the spectacular increase in pinealopetal sympathetic innervation occur in parallel. In domestic fowl the number of intrapineal AChE-positive (afferent) neurons decreases rapidly during ontogenetic development, whereas the sympathetic innervation becomes more prominent. Furthermore, the end vesicle of the pineal organ is an anatomical entity fully separated from the brain in the adult domestic fowl, as observed in some mammalian pineals. The avian pineal organ contains several types of photoreceptors with different photopigments and the synthesis of melatonin, the pineal hormone, is controlled by light. Immunoreactivity for photopigments is reduced during the posthatching development of chicken, whereas neuron-specific enolase (NSE)-immunoreactive pinealocytes increase remarkably in number in the end-vesicle of the domestic fowl with age, followed by a gradual expansion toward the proximal portion. NSE is the most acidic isoenzyme of the glycolytic enzyme enolase and is useful as a cytoplasmic marker of neurons and neuroendocrine tissue. The above-mentioned findings reflect the sequence of changes leading from pineal sense organs to pineal gland. The demonstration of melatonin receptors in a variety of avian peripheral tissues suggest a possible direct action of melatonin on the physiological functions of different organ systems in response to internal and external stimuli.

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“…These types differ not only in the architecture and cellular organization, but also in the afferent and efferent innervation. Moreover, the structure and innervation of the avian pineal organ undergo significant changes during postembryonic life as it has been described in the chicken, Japanese quail and turkey (Boya and Calvo 1978, 1979, 1980, Ohshima and Matsuo 1984, Sato and Wake 1984, Ohshima and Hiramatsu 1993, Przybylska-Gornowicz et al 2005. It is reasonable to expect that such a great variability in the pineal morphology reflects in significant differences in the processes controlling MLT secretion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…It represents several morphological types -from the saccular type through the tubulo-follicular form to the solid-follicular one (Boya and Calvo 1978, Vollrath 1981, Ohshima and Hiramatsu 1993, Prusik 2005, Przybylska-Gornowicz et al 2005, Prusik et al 2006, Prusik and Lewczuk 2008a. These types differ not only in the architecture and cellular organization, but also in the afferent and efferent innervation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of melatonin secretion in the pineal organ of the domestic duck – an in vitro study

Prusik¹,

Lewczuk²,

Ziółkowska³

et al. 2015

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences

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The aim of study was to determine the mechanisms regulating melatonin secretion in the pineal organs of 1-day-old and 9-month-old domestic ducks. The pineals were cultured in a superfusion system under different light conditions. Additionally, some explants were treated with norepinephrine.The pineal glands of 1-day-old ducks released melatonin in a well-entrained, regular rhythm during incubation under a 12 hrs light : 12 hrs dark cycle and adjusted their secretory activity to a reversed 12 hrs dark : 12 hrs light cycle within 2 days. In contrast, the diurnal changes in melatonin secretion from the pineals of 9-month-old ducks were largely irregular and the adaptation to a reversed cycle lasted 3 days. The pineal organs of nestling and adult ducks incubated in a continuous light or darkness secreted melatonin in a circadian rhythm. The treatment with norepinephrine during photophases of a light-dark cycle resulted in: 1) a precise adjustment of melatonin secretion rhythm to the presence of this catecholamine in the culture medium, 2) a very high amplitude of the rhythm, 3) a rapid adaptation of the pineal secretory activity to a reversed light-dark cycle. The effects of norepinephrine were similar in the pineal organs of nestlings and adults.In conclusion, melatonin secretion in the duck pineal organ is controlled by three main mechanisms: the direct photoreception, the endogenous generator and the noradrenergic transmission. The efficiency of intra-pineal, photosensitivity-based regulatory mechanism is markedly lower in adult than in nestling individuals.

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Post-hatching evolution of the pineal gland of the chicken

Cited by 25 publications

References 4 publications

Immunoelectron-microscopic investigation of the subcellular localization of pinopsin in the pineal organ of the chicken

Immunoelectron-microscopic investigation of the subcellular localization of pinopsin in the pineal organ of the chicken

Sensory and endocrine characteristics of the avian pineal organ

Regulation of melatonin secretion in the pineal organ of the domestic duck – an in vitro study

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