Post-Transcriptional Control of Sucrose Synthase Expression in Anaerobic Seedlings of Maize

Taliercio, Earl; Chourey, Prem S.

doi:10.1104/pp.90.4.1359

Cited by 58 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…An obvious possibility in the nodule is the reduced O 2 environment that results from the decrease in gaseous diffusion in response to stress (Table II). However, in other systems anaerobiosis leads to up-regulation of SS (compare Salanoubat and BelHard, 1989;Talierco and Chourey, 1989;Yang and Russell, 1990;Ricard et al, 1991;Martin et al, 1993). Therefore, if the O 2 environment is a factor in nodule SS downregulation, it is in the opposite sense to all others so far reported.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…There have been no reports of factors that cause the induction or repression of the SS gene in nodules. In other plant systems, factors that influence the expression of SS genes include low oxygen concentrations and tissue carbohydrate levels (Talierco and Chourey, 1989;Ricard et al, 1991;Xue et al, 1991;Koch et al, 1992;Heim et al, 1993;Koch, 1996). An obvious possibility in the nodule is the reduced O 2 environment that results from the decrease in gaseous diffusion in response to stress (Table II).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stress-Induced Declines in Soybean N2 Fixation Are Related to Nodule Sucrose Synthase Activity

et al. 1997

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Fixation of N, by legume root nodules can be rapidly and severely inhibited by a range of environmental perturbations, including defoliation, drought, salinity, and application of nitrate. Stress can also be induced by experimental approaches such as placing plants in prolonged darkness (Gordon et al., 1993;Gogorcena et al., 1997). One explanation for this decline in N, fixation in response to stress is that the ODB operates to reduce O, flux into the nodule and thus prevent damage to nitrogenase activity Hunt and Layzell, 1993). However, the means by which such stresses can induce the operation of the ODB have not yet been established.Recently, the idea that the ODB is solely responsible for the control of nodule N, fixation during stress has been challenged (Guérin et al., 1990; Diaz de1 Castillo et al., 1994; Diaz de1 Castillo and Layzell, 1995) because nodule metabolic potential is also impaired in response to drought stress. However, the primary effect is unclear. It could be the reduced import of photosynthates, which means that less carbohydrate is available for nodule function (however, see Durand et al., 1987), or the reduced demand for N This work was funded through the Biotechnology and Biolog-

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress-Induced Declines in Soybean N2 Fixation Are Related to Nodule Sucrose Synthase Activity

et al. 1997

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“…Translational control has thus been shown to play an important part in the responses of plants to various stresses and stimuli (e.g. 2,10,11,28,31), and an understanding of protein synthesis on polyribo-'This work was supported by National Science Foundation grants DMB 8521564 and DCB 8904091. C. W. was supported by a National Science Foundation Postdoctoral Research Fellowship in Plant Biology.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, the rate of protein synthesis on polyribosomes can vary for specific mRNAs: polyribosomal mRNA coding for ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase is not translated when amaranth seedlings are transferred from light to darkness (2); mRNA coding for sucrose synthase is loaded onto polyribosomes in anaerobic maize roots, but poorly translated (31). Translational control has thus been shown to play an important part in the responses of plants to various stresses and stimuli (e.g.…”

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confidence: 99%

Elongation and Termination Reactions of Protein Synthesis on Maize Root Tip Polyribosomes Studied in a Homologous Cell-Free System

Webster

Kim²,

Roberts³

1991

Plant Physiol.

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We show that the control of gene expression at the level of elongation and termination of protein synthesis can be observed in vitro. Free cytoplasmic polyribosomes were isolated from maize (Zea mays) root tips, and translated in root tip extracts that had been fractionated with ammonium sulfate to contain elongation factors, and be depleted in initiation factors. The root tip extract performs elongation and termination reactions as efficiently as wheat germ extracts. The translation products of the maize system are the same as made in vivo. The dependence of these in vitro elongation and termination reactions on pH was determined. Total protein synthesis in this system exhibits an optimum at pH -7.5. However, the pH dependence of rates of synthesis of individual proteins is not at all uniform; many polyribosomes become stalled when translated at low pH. These data were compared with the elongation and termination capacity of polyribosomes isolated from oxygenated and hypoxic root tips (tissue having, respectively, high and low cytoplasmic pH values). We observed an inverse relationship between the relative abundance of many specific translatable mRNAs in polyribosomes of hypoxic root tips, and the relative rates of elongation and termination reactions on the different mRNAs at low pH in vitro. These results suggest that changes in intracellular pH in hypoxic root tips can be sensed directly by the translational machinery and thereby selectively modulate gene expression.

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“…Another observation of much interest concerning the maize SS genes is the posttranscriptional regulation of the anaerobic induction of the Sh gene. It has been shown previously that anaerobic induction of the Sh gene at transcription level (22) is not accompanied by elevated levels of the SSl protein ( 19,24). Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) is a major crop plant and is evolutionarily closely related to maize.…”

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confidence: 99%

Tissue-Specific Expression and Anaerobically Induced Posttranscriptional Modulation of Sucrose Synthase Genes in Sorghum bicolor M.

Chourey¹,

Taliercio²,

Kane³

1991

Plant Physiol.

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We have used antibodies directed against the two sucrose synthase (SS) isozymes, and the cDNA clones corresponding to the two nonallelic genes in maize to describe sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) SS genes and their expressions at protein and RNA levels. Westem blot analyses have shown evidence of two SS isozymes, SS1 and SS2, in sorghum; these were similar, but not identical, to maize isozymes in size, charge, subunit composition, and epitope specificities against both monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies. Tissue-specific distributions of isozymes and genomic Southern hybridization data are consistent with a hypothesis that the SS1 and SS2 isozymes are encoded by two nonallelic genes, designated here as Susl and Sus2, respectively. Northem blot hybridizations on root RNAs showed gene-specific transcript patterns and, as in maize, the SS2-specific transcripts were slightly larger than the SS1-specific transcripts. Interestingly, no difference in the size of the SS1 and SS2 polypeptides was detected. Anaerobic induction led to significant elevations in steady-state levels of both SS1 and SS2 transcripts, but there was no detectable increase in the levels of the SS proteins. Thus, both the SS genes in sorghum were significantly regulated at the posttranscriptional level; whereas in maize, only one of the two SS genes was affected in this fashion. Another difference between maize and sorghum SS isozymes was in endospermspecific polymerization among the SS subunits. Unlike maize endosperm where only the two SS homotetramers are seen, sorghum endosperm showed five SS isozymes attributable to a random copolymerization of SS1 and SS2 subunits, presumably due to a simultaneous expression of both genes in the endosperm cells. Physiological and molecular bases of these differences between these two crop plant species remains to be elucidated.The enzyme SS2 (EC 2.4.1.13) plays an important role in energy metabolism by mobilizing sucrose into diverse pathways relating to metabolic, structural, and storage functions of the plant cell. The enzyme catalyzes reversible conversion of UDP and sucrose to UDP glucose and fructose and has 'Cooperative investigation,

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Post-Transcriptional Control of Sucrose Synthase Expression in Anaerobic Seedlings of Maize

Abstract: We have examined post-transcriptional control of expression of the anaerobically induced sucrose synthase 1 (SSI) isozyme mRNA encoded by the shrunken (Sh) gene (19,20,24). There is no increase in the level of SS2 transcripts during anaerobiosis. In a previous report we have shown (20)

Cited by 58 publications

References 17 publications

Stress-Induced Declines in Soybean N2 Fixation Are Related to Nodule Sucrose Synthase Activity

Stress-Induced Declines in Soybean N2 Fixation Are Related to Nodule Sucrose Synthase Activity

Elongation and Termination Reactions of Protein Synthesis on Maize Root Tip Polyribosomes Studied in a Homologous Cell-Free System

Tissue-Specific Expression and Anaerobically Induced Posttranscriptional Modulation of Sucrose Synthase Genes in Sorghum bicolor M.

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