Post-traumatic amnesia and the nature of post-traumatic stress disorder after mild traumatic brain injury

Bryant, Richard A.; Creamer, Mark; O’Donnell, Meaghan; Silove, Derrick; Clark, Christopher; McFarlane, Alexander C.

doi:10.1017/s1355617709990671

Cited by 101 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…If the current PCS diagnosis criteria are not specific enough to mTBI, it may be worth adjusting the criteria to give more weight to the more discriminatory symptoms. Indeed, previous research has suggested that the symptoms constituting PCS (as recorded by the RPQ) may show greater reliability and validity id split into Research has already been conducted into the test-retest reliability Comparison between the groups with mTBI revealed that those with PCS were also more likely to have PTSD than those without PCS, as reported by others [33,71]. This will be discussed in further detail in the RPQ Analysis and Implications sections.…”

Section: Co-variablesmentioning

confidence: 84%

Post-concussion syndrome: Prevalence after mild traumatic brain injury in comparison with a sample without head injury

2011

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Primary Objective: To compare the prevalence of persistent post-concussion syndrome (PCS; > 1 year post-injury) in participants with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and those without head injury.Research Design: Cross-sectional sample of 119 participants with mTBI and 246 without previous head injury.Methods: Online questionnaires collected data about post-concussion symptoms, cognitive failures, anxiety, depression, sleep behaviour and post-traumatic stress disorder. Variability within the sample was addressed by splitting by PCS diagnosis to create four groups: mTBI+PCS, mTBI-PCS, Control+PCS and Control-PCS. PCS was diagnosed using ICD-10 criteria in all groups, with controls not requiring previous head injury. Main Outcomes and Results: PCS was present to a similar extent in participants with no head injury (34%) compared to those with mTBI (31%). Only report of headaches, which could be caused by expectation bias, distinguished between mTBI+PCS and Control+PCS groups. In addition, significantly higher cognitive problems were observed in participants with mTBI compared with the control group Conclusions: Persistent PCS, as currently defined, is not specific to mTBI. These data suggest that somatic and cognitive symptoms are most likely to be able to distinguish PCS after mTBI from that present in the general population. Further research is necessary into these factors in order to create more specific PCS diagnostic criteria. PCS in populations with and without mTBI 3

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Section: Co-variablesmentioning

confidence: 84%

Post-concussion syndrome: Prevalence after mild traumatic brain injury in comparison with a sample without head injury

2011

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“…8,11 Further, it is suggested that PTSD is more prevalent when memories of the traumatic event are encoded in the brain, allowing those memories to be encoded and subsequently reexperienced. 5,13,14 The effects of PTSD following mTBI may also linger, resulting in long term morbidity. Recently, researchers reported that nearly 1/3 of US Army Special Operations Forces personnel who were exposed to a previous blast or combination blast-blunt mTBI met the criteria for clinical PTSD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combat-related blast exposure and traumatic brain injury influence brain glucose metabolism during REM sleep in military veterans

et al. 2014

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Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI), a signature wound of Operations Enduring and Iraqi Freedom, can result from blunt head trauma or exposure to a blast/explosion. While TBI affects sleep, the neurobiological underpinnings between TBI and sleep are largely unknown. To examine the neurobiological underpinnings of this relationship in military veterans, [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET) was used to compare mTBI-related changes in relative cerebral metabolic rate of glucose (rCMRglc) during wakefulness, Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep, and non-REM (NREM) sleep, after adjusting for the effects of posttraumatic stress (PTS). Fourteen Veterans with a history of Blast Exposure and/or mTBI (B/mTBI) (age 27.5 ± 3.9) and eleven Veterans with no history (No B/mTBI) (age 27.7 ± 3.8) completed FDG PET studies during wakefulness, REM sleep, and NREM sleep. Whole-brain analyses were conducted using Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM8). Between group comparisons revealed that B/mTBI was associated with significantly lower rCMRglc during wakefulness and REM sleep in the amygdala, hippocampus, parahippocampal gyrus, thalamus, insula, uncus, culmen, visual association cortices, and midline medial frontal cortices. These results suggest alterations in neurobiological networks during Wakefulness and REM sleep subsequent to B/mTBI exposure, may contribute to chronic sleep disturbances, and differ in individuals with acute symptoms.

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“…The PTSD symptoms are so severe that the patient's normal social activities are often adversely affected4,19,20). The patient's mental anguish is amplified, because PTSD could hardly be diagnosed based on external deformations or image test results.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder after a Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: Preliminary Investigation Using the Brief Neuropsychological Screening Test

Choi

Seo

Oh³

et al. 2014

J Korean Neurosurg Soc

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ObjectivePost-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a group of diseases that are observed in patients who had experienced a serious trauma or accident. However, some experienced it even after only a mild traumatic brain injury (TBI), and they are easily ignored due to the relatively favorable course of mild TBI. Herein, the authors investigated the incidence of PTSD in mild TBI using brief neuropsychological screening test (PTSD checklist, PCL).MethodsThis study was conducted on patients with mild TBI (Glasgow coma scale ≥13) who were admitted from January 2012 to December 2012. As for PCL, it was done on patients who showed no difficulties in communication upon admission and agreed to participate in this study. By using sum of PCL, the patients were divided into high-risk group and low-risk group. PTSD was diagnosed as the three major symptoms of PTSD according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth-edifion.ResultsA total of 314 TBI patients were admitted and 71 of them met the criteria and were included in this study. The mean age was 52.9 years-old (range: 15-94). The mean PCL score was 28.8 (range: 17-68), and 10 patients were classified as high-risk group. During follow-up, 2 patients (2.7%) of high risk group, were confirmed as PTSD and there was no patient who was suspected of PTSD in the low-risk group (p=0.017).ConclusionPTSD is observed 2.8% in mild TBI. Although PTSD after mild TBI is rare, PCL could be considered as a useful tool for screening of PTSD after mild TBI.

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Post-traumatic amnesia and the nature of post-traumatic stress disorder after mild traumatic brain injury

Cited by 101 publications

References 34 publications

Post-concussion syndrome: Prevalence after mild traumatic brain injury in comparison with a sample without head injury

Post-concussion syndrome: Prevalence after mild traumatic brain injury in comparison with a sample without head injury

Combat-related blast exposure and traumatic brain injury influence brain glucose metabolism during REM sleep in military veterans

Incidence of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder after a Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: Preliminary Investigation Using the Brief Neuropsychological Screening Test

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