Post-traumatic brain injury glioma: Characteristics, report of 2 cases report and literature review

Abstract

Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) as a pathogenetic factor in glioma remains controversial, and currently there is still no clear mechanism behind post-TBI glioma. Thus, we provide two case reports of post-TBI glioma contributing power to this research, and we provide a summary of the mechanisms of post-TBI glioma through literature review. Methods: We report two cases of brain gliomas that developed in the scar of a previous brain trauma. Both patients were male and both had suffered prior traumatic brain injuries (time interval 10–20 years), and postoperative pathological findings reported glioblastoma and WHO grade III glioma, respectively. Results: These two cases further support the association of between traumatic brain injury and gliomas development. Conclusion: Although the epidemiological investigation between TBI and glioma is still controversial, there are still some important aspects here that can determine the possibility between TBI and gliomagenesis. Besides, we found that the reparative response of neural stem cells and the dysregulation of inflammatory cells are timportant theories of the mechanism of post-TBI glioma.

Recovery Profile of Patients Suffered with Traumatic Brains Injuries (TBI): Analysis of Case Reports

“…After the first events, cerebral hypoxia tends to occur through the inflammatory process and the formation of pericellular edema, also known as vasogenic edema, which, due to the difference in pressure caused, promotes cellular hypoxia, forcing the brain to use the glycolytic mechanism to obtain energy. However, due to the unsustainability of this route, the accumulation of local lactic acid promotes the breakdown of the blood-brain barrier and intensifies cell death, which can quickly evolve into a progressive and diffuse condition, with these mechanisms already written, an occurrence in a time window of 4 to 6 hours, such useful information to predict the possible evolution in the prognosis, as well as the observation of radiological alterations [3][4][5].…”

“…It is necessary to recommend, at the initial moment, the assessment of the airways, breathing and circulation being followed by a score on the Glasgow coma scale, which must be repeated at considerable time intervals, given the rapid evolution to complications in certain cases. Furthermore, it is understood that in addition to this initial assessment, the presence of computed tomography in the management of traumatized patients, as well as possibly necessary interventions of intubation orotracheal and decompressive craniotomy, advocate the dimensional recognition of the injury, damage and resulting complications, in order to ensure the improvement and minimization of posttraumatic sequelae [5].…”