Post Traumatic Stress Disorder in Police and Military Personnel: Assessment and Treatment Methods from Psychophysiology and Neuroscience—Essential Preliminary Information

Carmichael, John A.

doi:10.5298/1081-5937-37.1.32

Cited by 5 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Whereas predeployment and war readiness demand much attention, there is little focus on helping war fighters to retrain their physiological and psychological state postdeployment (Alford et al, ; Brosschot et al, ; Carmichael, ; Russoniello et al, ; Wilson, ). Although troops are prepared for duty, they are unprepared for the psychological war wounds and comorbidity that develop (Creamer & Forbes, ; Sammons & Batten, ; Tanielian, ).…”

Section: Military Culture and Combat‐related Ptsdmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because of the complexity of combat‐related PTSD, treatment must address physiological aspects and teach war fighters to gain control over the neurological reaction, physiological arousal, and emotional response associated with the condition (Carmichael, ; Duffy, ; Othmer & Othmer, ; Peniston et al, ). Prolonged activation in a hypervigilant state leads to a maladaptive pattern of functioning in both the autonomic and central nervous systems.…”

Section: Neurofeedback: a New Approach To Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Neurofeedback incorporates a training approach to treatment, a style that is familiar and appealing to military participants (Carmichael, ; Hoyt & Candy, ; Walker, ; Wilson, ). The neurofeedback practitioner is not physically doing anything to the war fighter.…”

Section: Neurofeedback: a New Approach To Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in veterans differs when compared with the isolated, traumatic incidents that civilians experience (Carmichael, ; Tanielian, ; Wilson, ). Generally, PTSD is classified as an anxiety disorder that develops after an individual is exposed to or witnesses another individual experiencing a life‐threatening situation and responds with intense fear, helplessness, or horror (Foa, Keane, & Friedman, ; National Institutes of Health [NIH], ).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Between 12% and 30% of war fighters returning from deployment in Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) and Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) experience combat‐related PTSD (Hoge et al, ; Richardson et al, ; Tanielian, ). Identifying distinctions about the condition is necessary for counselors to specialize interventions and provide effective treatment (Carmichael, ; Duffy, ; Hammond, ; Othmer & Othmer, ; Peniston & Kulkosky, ; Tanielian, ; Walker, ; Wilson, ). Unfortunately, because of psychosocial barriers involving stigmatization and consequences related to a mental health diagnosis, less than half of veterans experiencing combat‐related PTSD symptoms actually report difficulties (Hoge et al, ; Hoyt & Candy, ; Kim, Britt, Klocko, Riviere, & Adler, ; McFarling, D'Angelo, Drain, Gibbs, & Rae Olmstead, ; Sullivan, ; Tanielian, ; Wright et al, ), which further reinforces the need for an innovative and evidence‐based treatment (Creamer & Forbes, ).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Development and Experience of Combat‐Related PTSD: A Demand for Neurofeedback as an Effective Form of Treatment

Fragedakis

Toriello

2014

Jour of Counseling & Develop

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Veterans experience a considerable course of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and because of several psychosocial issues, traditional interventions and traditional intervention settings are ineffective for this population. A new cutting‐edge approach, known as neurofeedback, trains clients to control and manipulate their central nervous system and ameliorate physiological symptoms of stress disorders. The authors delineate how neurofeedback can be an effective and innovative intervention for PTSD experienced by the military population.

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Section: Military Culture and Combat‐related Ptsdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Neurofeedback: a New Approach To Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Neurofeedback: a New Approach To Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Development and Experience of Combat‐Related PTSD: A Demand for Neurofeedback as an Effective Form of Treatment

Fragedakis

Toriello

2014

Jour of Counseling & Develop

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Caught in the currents: evaluating the evidence for common downstream police response interventions in calls involving persons with mental illness

Huey

Andersen

Bennell

et al. 2021

FACETS

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The origins of this report, and of the Mental Health and Policing Working Group, can be traced to the unique situation Canadians have faced as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. The unique circumstances of this global outbreak, which have for many Canadians resulted in serious illness and death, intensified economic uncertainties, altered family and lifestyle dynamics, and generated or exacerbated feelings of loneliness and social dislocation, rightly led the Royal Society of Canada’s COVID-19 Taskforce to consider the strains and other negative impacts on individual, group, and community mental health. With the central role that police too often play in the lives of individuals in mental and (or) emotional crisis, we were tasked with exploring what can be reasonably said about the state of our current knowledge of police responses to persons with mental illness.

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A Biological Approach to Building Resilience and Wellness Capacity Among Police Exposed to Posttraumatic Stress Injuries: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial

Andersen¹,

Nota²,

Alavi³

et al. 2023

JMIR Res Protoc

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Background Law enforcement officers are routinely exposed to hazardous, disturbing events that can impose severe stress and long-term psychological trauma. As a result, police and other public safety personnel (PSP) are at increased risk of developing posttraumatic stress injuries (PTSIs) and disruptions to the autonomic nervous system (ANS). ANS functioning can be objectively and noninvasively measured by heart rate (HR), heart rate variability (HRV), and respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA). Traditional interventions aimed at building resilience among PSP have not adequately addressed the physiological ANS dysregulations that lead to mental and physical health conditions, as well as burnout and fatigue following potential psychological trauma. Objective In this study, we will investigate the efficacy of a web-based Autonomic Modulation Training (AMT) intervention on the following outcomes: (1) reducing self-reported symptoms of PTSI, (2) strengthening ANS physiological resilience and wellness capacity, and (3) exploring how sex and gender are related to baseline differences in psychological and biological PTSI symptoms and response to the AMT intervention. Methods The study is comprised of 2 phases. Phase 1 involves the development of the web-based AMT intervention, which includes 1 session of baseline survey measures, 6 weekly sessions that integrate HRV biofeedback (HRVBF) training with meta-cognitive skill practice, and 1 session of follow-up survey measures. Phase 2 will use a cluster randomized control design to test the effectiveness of AMT on the following prepost outcomes: (1) self-report symptoms of PTSI and other wellness measures; (2) physiological indicators of health and resilience including resting HR, HRV, and RSA; and (3) the influence of sex and gender on other outcomes. Participants will be recruited for an 8-week study across Canada in rolling cohorts. Results The study received grant funding in March 2020 and ethics approval in February 2021. Due to delays related to COVID-19, phase 1 was completed in December 2022, and phase 2 pilot testing began in February 2023. Cohorts of 10 participants in the experimental (AMT) and control (prepost assessment only) groups will continue until a total of 250 participants are tested. Data collection from all phases is expected to conclude in December 2025 but may be extended until the intended sample size is reached. Quantitative analyses of psychological and physiological data will be conducted in conjunction with expert coinvestigators. Conclusions There is an urgent need to provide police and PSP with effective training that improves physical and psychological functioning. Given that help-seeking for PTSI is reduced among these occupational groups, AMT is a promising intervention that can be completed in the privacy of one’s home. Importantly, AMT is a novel program that uniquely addresses the underlying physiological mechanisms that support resilience and wellness promotion and is tailored to the occupational demands of PSP. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05521360; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05521360 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/33492

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Post Traumatic Stress Disorder in Police and Military Personnel: Assessment and Treatment Methods from Psychophysiology and Neuroscience—Essential Preliminary Information

Cited by 5 publications

References 3 publications

The Development and Experience of Combat‐Related PTSD: A Demand for Neurofeedback as an Effective Form of Treatment

The Development and Experience of Combat‐Related PTSD: A Demand for Neurofeedback as an Effective Form of Treatment

Caught in the currents: evaluating the evidence for common downstream police response interventions in calls involving persons with mental illness

A Biological Approach to Building Resilience and Wellness Capacity Among Police Exposed to Posttraumatic Stress Injuries: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial

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