Post-Treatment Evaluation of the Side Effects of Methanol Leaf Extract from Paullinia pinnata (Linn.), an Antityphoid Plant

Abstract

Background and Objective: Paullinia pinnata is an African woody vine whose leaf decoction has been used in Cameroon for the treatment of bacterial infections like typhoid fever, syphilis, gonorrhea, diarrhoea and symptoms such as stomach-ache and waist pain. The present study was designed to evaluate the adverse side effects resulting from the use of P. pinnata methanol leaf extract in the treatment of Salmonella typhimurium-induced typhoid in Wistar rats. Methodology: After the establishment of infection by oral administration of a S. typhimurium suspension, animals were treated by the daily administration of P. pinnata methanol leaf extract at various doses (55.75, 111.50, 223 and 446 mg kgG 1 b.wt.). The effect of the extract on body weight evolution was monitored daily. Results: Also, the effect of the extract on relative organ weight, biochemical parameters as well as liver histology was assessed. Irrespective of sex, typhoid fever induced an abnormal increase in the relative weight of most vital organs of toxicological importance. However, extract treatment normalized the excessive increase in relative organ weights; while inducing a significant (p<0.05) body weight gain in a dose-dependent manner. The level of liver enzymes (ALT and AST) were significantly (p<0.05) reduced after the treatment of the animals with P. pinnata leaf extract. The histopathological analysis of the liver revealed that extract treatment greatly reduced the degree of liver affections in a dose-dependent manner. However, at high doses (dose $223 mg kgG 1 b.wt.) the extract was capable of stimulating hepatic necrosis. Conclusion: The overall results of this study indicate that the methanolic extract of P. pinnata leaves has hepatoprotective effects especially in males. It has adverse side effects at high doses and even at low doses in female rats and thus, should be used with caution in male and should probably be eliminated from the treatment of female subjects.

LC-MS Analysis, 15-Lipoxygenase Inhibition, Cytotoxicity, and Genotoxicity of Dissotis multiflora (Sm) Triana (Melastomataceae) and Paullinia pinnata Linn (Sapindaceae)

“…number of human cancer cell lines [35]. e identification of new constituents in P. pinnata leaf extract adds to the existing data that emphasize the presence of numerous bioactive compounds isolated and characterized [20][21][22]24].…”

“…Hence, the worse selectivity indices at concentrations tested. e in vivo toxicity test has shown that P. pinnata extract was not toxic at doses up to 200 mg/kg [24,42]. One should observe that the results of in vitro toxicity evaluation differ substantially from that observed in vivo.…”

“…Modern pharmacology research has indicated that the different parts of P. pinnata possesses antioxidant, antidiarrheal, antityphoid, antibacterial, wound healing, cytoprotective, anti-inflammatory, and anxiolytic activities [13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. Phytochemical studies of P. pinnata revealed the presence of secondary metabolites while numerous phenolic compounds with biological activities have been isolated [20][21][22][23][24].…”

The Ethanolic Leaf Extracts of Dissotis multiflora (Sm) Triana and Paullinia pinnata Linn Exert Inhibitory Effect on Escherichia coli Through Membrane Permeabilization, Loss of Intracellular Material, and DNA Fragmentation

“…Paullinia pinnata Linn (Sapindaceae) family is an important medicinal plant used in many indigenous medical systems for the treatment of infectious diseases 24 . Several studies revealed antibacterial and antidiarrheal activities of extracts and isolated compounds from P. pinnata [25][26][27][28][29][30] . D. multiflora and P. pinnata have shown promising antibacterial activities.…”