Postfire recruitment failure in Scots pine forests of southern Siberia

Barrett, Kirsten; Baxter, Robert C.; Kukavskaya, Elena; Balzter, Heiko; Shvetsov, E. G.; Buryak, L. V.

doi:10.1016/j.rse.2019.111539

Cited by 29 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 124 publications

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“…More frequent, or more intense, climate-induced fires even threaten forests with a long history of high-intensity fire. For example, successive fires that occur before trees can set seed and reproduce are re-shaping the species composition of temperate forests in Australia (35), subalpine forests in the USA (36) and boreal forests in Canada (11) and Russia (12). Such changes have cascading effects on the biota.…”

Section: Global Climate Changementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In high-altitude grasslands of the Western Ghats, India, planned burning is used to forests of Siberia, which will alter species composition, forest area and carbon storage. In particular, shifts from boreal forest, dominated by Scots pine, to grassdominated vegetation are expected (12).…”

Section: Grasshopper Communitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many recent fires have burned ecosystems where fire has historically been rare or absent; from the tropical forests of southeast Asia (8) and South America (9) to the tundra of the Arctic Circle (10). Large, severe fires have also occurred more frequently in areas with a long history of recurrent fire, including the boreal forests of Canada and Russia (11,12), and the mixed forests and shrublands of Australia, southern Europe and western USA (13)(14)(15). Conversely, firedependent grassland and savanna ecosystems in countries such as Brazil, Tanzania and USA have had fire activity reduced and even excluded (16)(17)(18).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Fire and biodiversity in the Anthropocene

Kelly

Giljohann

Duane

et al. 2020

Science

350

189

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Fire has been a source of global biodiversity for millions of years. However, interactions with anthropogenic drivers such as climate change, land use, and invasive species are changing the nature of fire activity and its impacts. We review how such changes are threatening species with extinction and transforming terrestrial ecosystems. Conservation of Earth’s biological diversity will be achieved only by recognizing and responding to the critical role of fire. In the Anthropocene, this requires that conservation planning explicitly includes the combined effects of human activities and fire regimes. Improved forecasts for biodiversity must also integrate the connections among people, fire, and ecosystems. Such integration provides an opportunity for new actions that could revolutionize how society sustains biodiversity in a time of changing fire activity.

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Section: Global Climate Changementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Grasshopper Communitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fire and biodiversity in the Anthropocene

Kelly

Giljohann

Duane

et al. 2020

Science

350

189

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“…This is likely the case because intensified fires cannot only destroy the aerial seed banks that conifers rely upon for rapid postfire establishment, but also favor faster-maturing deciduous species [15,16]. In the forest-steppe zone of southern Siberia, approaching the southern latitudinal limit of boreal forest, conifer trees can also be replaced by steppe vegetation [5,17]. Recovery, regeneration and ultimately maintained presence of taiga forest following fire disturbance in the southern boreal zone is, therefore, a critical consequence of a warming climate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, intensified fire activity might even amplify interannual climate variability during both spring and summer by inducing changes in such parameters as surface albedo and the hydrological cycle [27][28][29]. This can result in greater difficulties in predicting vegetation recovery trajectories post-fire due to the changing current and future temperature and precipitation regimes, as post-fire recruitment success appears to respond positively to the presence of winter snow cover in the first several years after a burn [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate Variability May Delay Post-Fire Recovery of Boreal Forest in Southern Siberia, Russia

et al. 2021

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Prolonged dry periods and increased temperatures that result from anthropogenic climate change have been shown to increase the frequency and severity of wildfires in the boreal region. There is growing evidence that such changes in fire regime can reduce forest resilience and drive shifts in post-fire plant successional trajectories. The response of post-fire vegetation communities to climate variability is under-studied, despite being a critical phase determining the ultimate successional conclusion. This study investigated the responses of post-fire recruited species to climate change and inter-annual variability at 16 study sites that experienced high-severity fire events, mostly in early 2000, within the Scots pine forest-steppe zone of southeastern Siberia, Russia. These sites were originally dominated by Scots pine, and by 2018, they were recruited by different successional species. Additionally, three mature Scots pine stands were included for comparison. A Bayesian Additive Regression Trees (BART) approach was used to model the relationship between Landsat-derived Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) time series, temperature and precipitation in the 15 years after a stand-replacing fire. Using the resulting BART models, together with six projected climate scenarios with increased temperature and enhanced inner-annual precipitation variability, we simulated NDVI at 5-year intervals for 15 years post-fire. Our results show that the BART models performed well, with in-sample Pseudo-R2 varying from 0.49 to 0.95 for fire-disturbed sites. Increased temperature enhanced greenness across all sites and across all three time periods since fires, exhibiting a positive feedback in a warming environment. Repeatedly dry spring periods reduced NDVI at all the sites and wetter summer periods following such dry springs could not compensate for this, indicating that a prolonged dry spring has a strong impact consistently over the entire early developmental stages from the initial 5 years to 15 years post-fire. Further, young forests showed higher climate sensitivity compared to the mature forest, irrespective of species and projected climatic conditions. Our findings suggest that a dry spring not only increases fire risk, but also delays recovery of boreal forests in southern Siberia. It also highlights the importance of changing rainfall seasonality as well as total rainfall in a changing climate for post-fire recovery of forest.

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Fire severity as a key determinant of aboveground and belowground biological community recovery in managed even‐aged boreal forests

Pérez‐Izquierdo

Bengtsson

Clemmensen

et al. 2023

Ecology and Evolution

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Changes in fire regime of boreal forests in response to climate warming are expected to impact postfire recovery. However, quantitative data on how managed forests sustain and recover from recent fire disturbance are limited. Two years after a large wildfire in managed even‐aged boreal forests in Sweden, we investigated how recovery of aboveground and belowground communities, that is, understory vegetation and soil microbial and faunal communities, responded to variation in the severity of soil (i.e., consumption of soil organic matter) and canopy fires (i.e., tree mortality). While fire overall enhanced diversity of understory vegetation through colonization of fire adapted plant species, it reduced the abundance and diversity of soil biota. We observed contrasting effects of tree‐ and soil‐related fire severity on survival and recovery of understory vegetation and soil biological communities. Severe fires that killed overstory Pinus sylvestris promoted a successional stage dominated by the mosses Ceratodon purpureus and Polytrichum juniperinum, but reduced regeneration of tree seedlings and disfavored the ericaceous dwarf‐shrub Vaccinium vitis‐idaea and the grass Deschampsia flexuosa. Moreover, high tree mortality from fire reduced fungal biomass and changed fungal community composition, in particular that of ectomycorrhizal fungi, and reduced the fungivorous soil Oribatida. In contrast, soil‐related fire severity had little impact on vegetation composition, fungal communities, and soil animals. Bacterial communities responded to both tree‐ and soil‐related fire severity. Synthesis: Our results 2 years postfire suggest that a change in fire regime from a historically low‐severity ground fire regime, with fires that mainly burns into the soil organic layer, to a stand‐replacing fire regime with a high degree of tree mortality, as may be expected with climate change, is likely to impact the short‐term recovery of stand structure and above‐ and belowground species composition of even‐aged P. sylvestris boreal forests.

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Postfire recruitment failure in Scots pine forests of southern Siberia

Cited by 29 publications

References 124 publications

Fire and biodiversity in the Anthropocene

Fire and biodiversity in the Anthropocene

Climate Variability May Delay Post-Fire Recovery of Boreal Forest in Southern Siberia, Russia

Fire severity as a key determinant of aboveground and belowground biological community recovery in managed even‐aged boreal forests

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