Postharvest and postmilling changes in wheat grain and flour quality characteristics

Abstract

Background and objectives: Soft red winter (SRW) wheat grain immediately after harvest and flour after milling were stored for 26 weeks and analyzed for comprehensive milling and baking quality characteristics at different time points to examine the consistency of the quality test results. Findings: Increases in falling number (FN) of grain during postharvest storage were observed for nine of ten varieties, in which FN ranged from 62 to 264 at 2 weeks after harvest and increased by 18-109 during storage for 21 weeks at 23°C. Wheat grain exhibited evident fluctuations in refined flour characteristics during the first 4 weeks of storage and then lesser changes with further storage.The storage time of grain did not significantly influence the milling yield, FN, and water SRC of refined flour. For refined flour during postmilling storage, storage time significantly affected all the flour characteristics, which showed evident fluctuations especially in the first 4 weeks of storage. The refined flour FNs of all four tested varieties increased from 373-405 to 377-417 during the first 8 weeks and then sharply to 427-474 with further storage for 26 weeks. Flour pH decreased slightly for the first 2 weeks after milling, was stable for the next 8 weeks, and then decreased again to 5.74-5.90 at 26 weeks. Small but steady decreases in both lactic acid SRC and SDS sedimentation volume were also observed for refined flour during storage. Postmilling storage induced relatively small changes in the solvent retention capacity and cookie diameter of flour. Conclusions: Postharvest and postmilling changes must be considered to achieve a reliable determination of the FN of wheat grain and flour, and pH, SDS sedimentation volume, and lactic SRC of flour. A storage time of 4 weeks would reduce the variation in wheat grain and flour quality test results, allowing reliable and reproducible evaluation. Significance and novelty: The FN of both wheat grain and flour significantly increases during postharvest and postmilling storages. The pH and protein strength of flour show small decreases during postmilling storage with even smaller changes in water retaining capacity and cookie-baking quality. K E Y W O R D S postharvest and postmilling storage, wheat quality ---

Effects of grain storage time and storage temperature on flour quality parameters of “5 + 10” wheat cultivar and “2 + 12” wheat cultivar

“…As a result of sedimentation index, it was indicated that sedimentation index was not only affected by protein content, but also by different protein components (Baik & Donelson, 2018; Oelofse et al, 2010). However, other authors also reported that it is also related to the hydration ability of gluten, which is affected by quantity and quality of gluten (Kibar, 2015).…”

Changes in shelf life and quality of fresh hull‐less barley noodles during storage

“…Then, the ability for encapsulating starch and some other macromolecules was weakened (Li et al, ), which led to the increase in percentage of broken noodles. Meanwhile, enzymes produced by microbial metabolism may destroy the structure of protein and starch in FHBN (Baik & Donelson, ). Another reason was that moisture content of the FHBN significantly decreased during storage (Figure a).…”

Combination use of the microwave irradiation and preservatives effect on the shelf life and quality of Qingke barley fresh noodles stored at low temperature

“…which is the main force to maintain the protein network structure (Lambrecht et al, 2016). The TPC increased, and it produced some enzymes that accelerated the breakdown of high molecular weight protein and starch into small molecules, thus, the original structure of noodles was destroyed (Baik & Donelson, 2018). Therefore, a brief conclusion can be given that the increase of TPC and decrease of S-S bond content were the main factors affecting the cooked broken ratio.…”