Postharvest dipping of kiwifruit in iprodione to control stem‐end rot caused by<i>Botrytis cinerea</i>

Pyke, N. B.; Manktelow, D. G.; Elmer, P. A. G.; Tate, K. G.

doi:10.1080/01140671.1994.9513808

Cited by 14 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Thus, distributions or frequencies of the postharvest fruit rot pathogens of kiwifruit were quite different, not only from country to country but also from region to region. Similarly, considerable variation in gray mold incidence occured among growing seasons, regions, and individual kiwifruit orchards within a region (Sommer et al 1983;Pennycook 1985;Pyke et al 1994).…”

Section: Incidence Of Postharvest Fruit Rotsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Postharvest fruit rots of kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) in Korea

Koh¹,

Hur

Jung

2005

New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science

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The overall disease incidence of postharvest fruit rots of kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) in Korea averaged 32%, but the incidence ranged from 5% to 68% in the orchards surveyed. The percentage of kiwifruit showing internal and external symptoms were 21.9% and 4.9%, respectively, and an additional 5.2% of the kiwifruit showed both internal and external symptoms. Botryosphaeria dothidea and Diaporthe actinidiae cause ripe rot and stem-end rot, respectively, and were identified as the major postharvest pathogens with average isolation rates of 83.3% and 11.9%. Incidence of the postharvest fruit rots was closely correlated with ripening temperatures favourable to the mycelial growth of the major pathogens. Postharvest fruit rots occurred at all ripening temperatures 11°C and maximum disease incidence was observed at 29°C. No mycelial growth of B. dothidea and D. actinidiae occurred on potato dextrose agar plates under 11°C and the optimum temperature ranges for mycelial growth of the pathogens were 26-35°C and 26-29°C, respectively. The optimum kiwifruit ripening conditions for minimising damage from the postharvest fruit rots were a 20-day ripening at 17°C. Intensive application of fungicides just before or after the rainy season is conducted to control postharvest fruit rots in kiwifruit orchards of Korea. Benomyl WP and thiophanate-methyl WP, registered as preventive fungicides against postharvest fruit rots, are usually applied 5-6 times at 10-day intervals beginning in early June in the kiwifruit orchards. Tebuconazole WP, iprodione WP, and flusilazole WP were selected as alternative fungicides to prevent emergence of fungicide-resistant strains and reduce the number of fungicide applications. The optimum spray programme for controlling postharvest fruit rots was four applications at 10-day intervals from mid June for tebuconazole WP, iprodione WP, and flusilazole WP, compared with five applications for benomyl WP and thiophanate-methyl WP.

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Section: Incidence Of Postharvest Fruit Rotsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Postharvest fruit rots of kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) in Korea

Koh¹,

Hur

Jung

2005

New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science

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“…Current recommendations for control of B. cinerea rots on kiwifruit involve application of dicarboximide fungicides during late blossom-early petal fall to prevent the build up of 5. cinerea sporulation on senescing petals, and pre-harvest to reduce the level of inoculum present at harvest (Pennycook, 1985). Orchard sprays may reduce spore levels at harvest but potential infection sites cannot be protected because they are not directly accessible and dicarboximides are contact fungicides with limited eradicant activity (Pyke et al, 1994). With increased consumer opposition to fungicides, alternative control measures are urgently required.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endo‐ and Exochitinase Activity in Kiwifruit Infected with Botrytis cinerea

Wurms

Long

Greenwood

et al. 1997

Journal of Phytopathology

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Endo-and exochitinase activities were determitied in autoclaved leaves, live leaves, atid fruit of kiwifruit {Acti-nidia deliciosa var. deliciosa cv. Hayward [A. Chev.]Liartg atid Fergusoti) following infection with Botrytis cinerea (Pers.). Appreciable endochitinase activity was found iti healthy and diseased leaves artd fruit at harvest and after cool-storage, but was absent iti plant tissue killed by autoclavitig. Later harvested fruit produced more endochitinase activity in storage than did early harvested fruit. Exochitinase activity was only associated with diseased tissue, and was present in diseased autoclaved leaves. The results suggest that endochitinase activity originates frotn the plant whilst exochitinase is associated with the pathogen. The significance of these findings is discussed. ZusammenfassungEndo-und Exochitinaseaktivitat bei Kiwi, die mit Botrytis cinerea infiziert sind Ermittelt wurden die Endo-und Exochitinaseaktivitaten in autoklavierten Blattern, lebenden Blattern sowie Fruchten der Kiwi (Actinidia delicosa var. delicosa cv. Hayward [A. Chev.] Liang & Ferguson) nach einer Infektion mit Botrytis cinerea. Nennenswerte Endochitinaseakivitat wurde in gesunden sowie befallenen Blattern und Fruchten zur Zeit der Emte und nach der Ktihllagemng beobacbtet, jedoch nichl in totem, autoklaviertem Pflanzengewebe. Spater geerntete Fruchte wiesen eine hohere Endochitinaseaktivitat wahrend der Lagerung auf, als friiher geerntete. Eine Exochitinaseaktivitat wurde nur in befallenem Gewebe nachgewiesen, auch in befallenen, autoklavierten Blattern. Die Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dafl die Endochitinaseaktivitat von der Pflanze stammt, dagegen ist die Exochitinase mit dem Pathogen assoziiert. Die Bedeutung dieser Beobachtungen wird diskutiert.

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“…), which invades the picking wound created when fruit is snapped from the vine at harvest, has traditionally been a serious postharvest problem of 'Hayward' kiwifruit. Pre-harvest chemical treatments are often unreliable or ineffective since the potential infection site is not directly accessible at the time of spraying, and many markets prohibit the use of postharvest fungicides (Pennycook 1985;Pyke et al 1994;Michailides & Elmer 2000). In recent years, crop management practises that reduce pre-harvest inoculum loads have significantly lowered disease incidence in New Zealand, but total losses can still be costly owing to the size of the industry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Susceptibility toBotrytis cinerea, and curing‐induced responses of lytic enzymes and phenolics in fruit of two kiwifruit (Actinidia) cultivars

Wurms¹

2005

New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science

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To cite this article: K. V. Wurms (2005) Crop and Horticultural Science, 2005, Vol. 33: 25-34 Abstract Botrytis cinerea rot incidence, hydrolytic enzyme activities and phenolics were measured in Botrytis cinerea-inoculated fruit of two kiwifruit cultivars, Actinidia deliciosa 'Hayward' and A. chinensis 'Hort16A', following the presence or absence of a curing treatment. Disease incidence was 2-fold higher (though not significant) in 'Hayward' than in 'Hort16A', irrespective of curing. Expression of putative defence mechanisms (chitinase activity and antifungal phenolics, in particular a compound with a R f value of 0.56) was also higher in 'Hort16A' than in 'Hayward' pericarp tissue. Together these results suggest that genotype resistance to B. cinerea is greater in 'Hort16A' than in 'Hayward' fruit, and that chitinases and phenolic compounds may be among the factors contributing to this resistance. Curing decreased rot incidence in 'Hayward' from 80% to 20% (a 4-fold reduction), whereas in 'Hort16A' it was decreased from 40% to 20% (a 2-fold reduction). In trials carried out over two seasons, this seemed to be associated with small increases in concentration of antifungal putative phenolic compounds in 'Hayward' pericarp tissue, especially the R f 0.56 compound. Actinidia fruit resistance appears to be a complex and multi-facetted phenomenon.

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Postharvest dipping of kiwifruit in iprodione to control stem‐end rot caused byBotrytis cinerea

Cited by 14 publications

References 10 publications

Postharvest fruit rots of kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) in Korea

Postharvest fruit rots of kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) in Korea

Endo‐ and Exochitinase Activity in Kiwifruit Infected with Botrytis cinerea

Susceptibility toBotrytis cinerea, and curing‐induced responses of lytic enzymes and phenolics in fruit of two kiwifruit (Actinidia) cultivars

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