Postharvest UV-B Irradiation Stimulated Ginsenoside Rg1 Biosynthesis through Nitric Oxide (NO) and Jasmonic Acid (JA) in Panax quinquefolius Roots

Abstract

The study highlights the influence and signal transduction mechanism of postharvest UV-B on the production of Rg1 in Panax quinquefolius roots during the drying process. The results showed that postharvest UV-B irradiation induced generation of nitric oxide (NO), jasmonic acid (JA), and ginsenoside Rg1 of P. quinquefolius roots. The UV-B-induced increase of Rg1 was suppressed by NO-specific scavenger (cPTIO) and NOS inhibitors (PBITU), JA synthesis inhibitor (SHAM), and JA synthesis inhibitor (PrGall), indicating that NO and JA played essential parts in UV-B-induced Rg1. External NO inhibitors treatment inhibited UV-B-induced accumulation of NO and JA, which suggested that NO was located upstream of the JA signal pathway. NO-caused Rg1 was inhibited by SHAM and PrGall, implying JA participated in transmitting signal NO to Rg1 accumulation. In other words, NO mediated the postharvest UV-B-induced Rg1 accumulation by the JA-dependent pathway in P. quinquefolius roots during the drying process, which helps us understand the underlying mechanisms involved in UV-B-induced Rg1 production and provides information helpful for P. quinquefolius production.

Environmental effects of stratospheric ozone depletion, UV radiation, and interactions with climate change: UNEP Environmental Effects Assessment Panel, Update 2020

“…In most studies where UV-B radiation has been manipulated, it has been applied prior to harvest (i.e., preharvest), or following harvest (i.e., postharvest). Species studied in this context include beetroot [ 200 ], broccoli [ 201 ], ginseng [ 202 ], prickly pear [ 203 ], blueberry [ 204 ], and even mushrooms [ 205 ]. In certain varieties of peach, these treatments have helped maintain the weight, firmness, and vitamin C content of the fruit, which increases its quality, value, and shelf-life [ 206 – 208 ].…”

Regulation of glutamine synthetase activity by transcriptional and posttranslational modifications negatively influences ganoderic acid biosynthesis in Ganoderma lucidum

“…Although research on NO‐mediated protein nitration in regulating the activity or functions of target proteins is mostly conducted in animals and plants, researchers have also gradually discovered that NO can regulate SM synthesis in plants and fungi. In Panax quinquefolius , NO plays essential role in UV‐B‐induced Rg 1 production (Zhou et al ., 2019). NO could induce the artemisinin biosynthesis by stimulating gene expression and enzyme activity involved in artemisinin biosynthesis in Artemisia annua (Wang et al ., 2009).…”

“…In addition to these nitrogen regulatory genes, nitric oxide (NO) produced during nitrogen metabolism has also been reported to influence SM biosynthesis in many species (Baidya et al ., 2011; Zhou et al ., 2019; Zhu et al ., 2019). It is a cellular signalling molecule that functions from yeast to mammals.…”

Enhanced Secondary Metabolite Production in Hairy Root Cultures Through Biotic and Abiotic Elicitors

“…In another study carried out on S. miltiorrhiza hairy roots, it was shown that the phytohormones, gibberellin, ethylene, and abscisic acid all effectively enhanced the activities of tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT) and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), and induced the production of caffeic acid, rosmarinic acid, and salvianolic acid [116]. The ginsenosides (glycosylated triterpene) yield in the hairy root culture of Panax quinquefolium, when elicited with MeJA for 7 days, reached maximum to 51.0 mg g À1 DW in bioreactor and 27.33 mg g À1 DW in shake flask [117]. In Vitis vinifera subsp.…”