Postindustrial Metabolism: Fat Knowledge

Landecker, Hannah

doi:10.1215/08992363-2144625

Cited by 134 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Termin ten ukuł w 1909 roku Archibald Garrod po to, aby scharakteryzować "grupę schorzeń, które »najwyraźniej wynikają z niewydolności [failure] takiego czy innego etapu w serii zmian chemicznych, które składają się na metabolizm«" (Paul, Brosco 2013: 11) Jak pisze socjolożka nauki, Hannah Landecker (Landecker 2013), koncepcja "metabolizmu" została ugruntowana w XIX wieku w rezultacie wspólnych wysiłków z zakresu chemii i fizjologii zwierząt. Badaczka podkreśla, że "wrodzone wady metabolizmu" postrzegano jako choroby "ciał przemysłowych" (Landecker 2013: 496). 5 na 10 000 osób; w Stanach Zjednoczonych nie więcej niż 7,5 na 10 000, a w Japonii nie więcej niż 4 na 10 000 (Huyard 2009).…”

Section: Rzadkie Choroby Metaboliczne Na Przykładzie Niedoboru Lchadunclassified

O (nie)naturalności jedzenia. Pokarmy i technologie biomedyczne w chorobach metabolicznych

Rajtar

2018

LUD

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Streszczenie: W obrazie wykreowanym przez media i opinię publiczną karmienie przez rurkę nieodłącznie związane jest z osobami starszymi i/lub umierającymi. Także w literaturze z zakresu antropologii medycznej ta technologia biomedyczna pojawia się często w kontekście "nowych definicji życia i śmierci", co prowadzi do zamazywania innych znaczeń towarzyszących karmieniu przez rurkę i/lub PEG-a. Wykorzystując badania prowadzone od 2016 roku wśród pacjentów z niedoborem LCHAD, rzadką chorobą metaboliczną, w której specjalna dieta odgrywa kluczową rolę, ich rodziców, lekarzy i przedstawicieli organizacji pacjenckich w Polsce i w Finlandii, w niniejszym artykule analizuję doświadczenia pacjentów, którzy byli lub nadal są karmieni przez sondę, zajmujących się nimi członków rodzin i dietetyków. Z uwagi na konieczność przestrzegania diety, pacjenci z niedoborem LCHAD postrzegani są często jako osoby, których "stosunek do jedzenia" odbiega od "normy": jedzą zbyt często albo wręcz odwrotnie -nie jedzą. Argumentuję, że podejście biomedyczne, które kładzie nacisk na dostarczanie ciałom pacjentów odpowiedniej ilości skład-ników odżywczych w procesie karmienia przez rurkę nie uwzględnia, jak pokazują studia antropologiczne, faktu, że jedzenie pełni też rolę w budowaniu relacji społeczno-kulturowych. Ponadto pokazuję, że w tym wypadku technologia biomedyczna może przyczynić się do kwestionowania "naturalności" jedzenia.Słowa kluczowe: antropologia medyczna; choroby rzadkie; LCHAD; jedzenie; karmienie przez rurkę; gastrostomia; technologie biomedyczne. abstract: Tube feeding, both in its media portrayals and in the public view is usually associated with the elderly and/or the dying. Medical anthropology scholarship has often attended to this biomedical technology in the context of "new definitions of death and life" that blurs other meanings associated with tube feeding and/or PEG. This article examines LCHAD deficiency, a rare metabolic disease that is treated with a special diet. Since 2016, my research has focused on patients, their parents, physicians, and members of patient advocacy groups in Poland and Finland. I address experiences of patients who have been tube fed, their family caregivers, and dietitians. Due to dietary recommendations, patients with LCHAD deficiency are often perceived to have an "attitude 384 Małgorzata Rajtar towards eating" that is far from "normal." They either eat too often or do not eat at all. The biomedical approach aims at providing sufficient nutrition to patients' bodies via the feeding tube. I argue that it does not, however, account for eating as a process of building socio-cultural relations that have been analyzed in anthropological scholarship. Moreover, I show that biomedical technology may contribute to questioning the "naturalness" of eating in this case.keywords: medical anthropology; rare diseases; LCHAD; food; eating; feeding tube; gastrostomy; biomedical technologies.wprowadzenie Na krótko przed Feeding Tube Awareness Week organizowanym w lutym 2014 roku, Traci Nagy, założycielka...

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Section: Rzadkie Choroby Metaboliczne Na Przykładzie Niedoboru Lchadunclassified

O (nie)naturalności jedzenia. Pokarmy i technologie biomedyczne w chorobach metabolicznych

Rajtar

2018

LUD

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“…Hannah Landecker () asks after the “knowledge effects” of the growth of metabolic disorders such as those associated with obesity worldwide. She argues that the efforts to comprehend and treat metabolic disorders are transforming our knowledge of life.…”

Section: Complexity Uncertainty and The Scalar Logics Of Public Heamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…“Fat knowledge,” or the knowledge effects of obesity, has brought about a shift in the conceptual language of metabolic research, away from the language of manufacturing and energy toward that of regulation, signal, and information (Landecker , 511). Landecker (, 516) points out that the conditions for the growth of postindustrial metabolic fat knowledge were set by the logics of industrial metabolism and the “fattening effects of industrialization.” Likewise, Julie Guthman () shows how the imbalance of food production and food consumption poses a limit to capitalist accumulation. The food industry addresses this imbalance through competitive marketing, increased food processing, and substitutionism, as well as by inducing people to eat more .…”

Section: Complexity Uncertainty and The Scalar Logics Of Public Heamentioning

confidence: 99%

Circulating Ignorance: Complexity and Agnogenesis in the Obesity “Epidemic”

Sanabria

2015

Cult. Anthropol.

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This article examines what is said to be un/known about obesity and the ways in which attributions of knowledge or ignorance circulate in the field of public health nutrition. Risks caused by individual behaviors have been an overstated concern in public health. Obesity, like many of today's complex problems, is determined by myriad nested interactions spanning the political economies of market regulation, modes of agricultural production, the biochemistry of appetite regulation, and changing family structures. Yet public intervention—and the science produced to validate it—remains wedded to a mode of intervening that has limited purchase on the complexity with which it contends. This article draws on scholarship on the social construction of ignorance to argue that the field of evidence in obesity science is fashioned in a way that deflects attention (and responsibility) away from questions of food production and marketing and continues to frame the problem as one of individual responsibility. Rather than discrediting the veracity of evidence produced out of industry‐research partnerships that increasingly dominate public health research, this article examines how the field of evidence has been structured by these relations. It argues that the demonstration of causal relations between political and socioeconomic determinants of malnutrition and measurable health indexes is largely impossible, not simply because of the absence of good evidence but because the existing parameters of good science cannot straightforwardly reveal such relations. This, in turn, is due to the configuration of the knowable in terms of whether knowledge can be made operational.

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“…Meyerhof's research was on a physiological activity confronted as a chemical problem at the very origins of metabolic biology. As part of the trajectory of metabolic biology, the processes in which the bacterial wall was involved -its own composition, biosynthesis and degradation -included penicillin as an agent, but the wall itself also recreated the biological and medical meaning of the new drug, and of others that would be isolated as inhibitors of bacterial wall biosynthesis ( Figure 5) 16 On the history of metabolism, in addition to Kohler (1982), see Holmes (1992) and Landecker (2013). For a history of the term, see Bing (1971).…”

Section: Border Molecules As Degradation Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Bacterial Cell Wall in the Antibiotic Era: An Ontology in Transit Between Morphology and Metabolism, 1940s–1960s

Santesmases

2015

J Hist Biol

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This essay details a historical crossroad in biochemistry and microbiology in which penicillin was a co-agent. I narrate the trajectory of the bacterial cell wall as the precise target for antibiotic action. As a strategic object of research, the bacterial cell wall remained at the core of experimental practices, scientific narratives and research funding appeals throughout the antibiotic era. The research laboratory was dedicated to the search for new antibiotics while remaining the site at which the mode of action of this new substance was investigated. This combination of circumstances made the bacterial wall an ontology in transit. As invisible as the bacterial wall was for clinical purposes, in the biological laboratory, cellular meaning in regard to the action of penicillin made the bacterial wall visible within both microbiology and biochemistry. As a border to be crossed, some components of the bacterial cell wall and the biochemical destruction produced by penicillin became known during the 1950s and 1960s. The cell wall was constructed piece by piece in a transatlantic circulation of methods, names, and images of the shape of the wall itself. From 1955 onwards, microbiologists and biochemists mobilized new names and associated conceptual meanings. The composition of this thin and rigid layer would account for its shape, growth and destruction. This paper presents a history of biochemical morphology: a chemistry of shape - the shape of bacteria, as provided by its wall - that accounted for biology, for life itself. While penicillin was being established as an industrially-manufactured object, it remained a scientific tool within the research laboratory, contributing to the circulation of further scientific objects.

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Postindustrial Metabolism: Fat Knowledge

Cited by 134 publications

References 59 publications

O (nie)naturalności jedzenia. Pokarmy i technologie biomedyczne w chorobach metabolicznych

O (nie)naturalności jedzenia. Pokarmy i technologie biomedyczne w chorobach metabolicznych

Circulating Ignorance: Complexity and Agnogenesis in the Obesity “Epidemic”

The Bacterial Cell Wall in the Antibiotic Era: An Ontology in Transit Between Morphology and Metabolism, 1940s–1960s

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