Postnatal immunomorphology of the gut

Development of Intestinal Mucosal Immunity in Fetal Life and the First Postnatal Months

“…Our study agrees with previous observations suggesting that 19A-producing cells are not normally present in the human gut (including the appendix) before 10 d of age (16)(17)(18). We found that a few IgG-and IgM-producing cells were present during fetal life.…”

“…We found that a few IgG-and IgM-producing cells were present during fetal life. For the latter class, a significant increase was seen after birth, and the percentage of IgM cells is higher early in infancy than later on in childhood, as was also reported by others (17,18). Ogra et al (19) were unable to demonstrate Ig-producing cells in fetal life.…”

Ontogeny of Mucosal Immunity and Aging

“…The human mucosal system is essentially devoid of IgA-containing lymphocytes at birth, and there are no reactive B cells in the intestinal lymphoid follicles. Germinal centers appear in the intestinal mucosa after birth (Bridges et al, 1959;Gebbers and Laissue, 1990;El Kaissouni et al, 1998), and pIgR expression in the epithelium increases rapidly to about eight weeks of age, when an adult distribution pattern is observed Thrane et al, 1991). Prenatally, most of the germinal center cells stain immunohistochemically for cytoplasmic IgM or IgG, not IgA (Bjerke and Brandtzaeg, 1986;Brandtzaeg et al, 1986).…”

“…There is a rise in both IgA-and IgM-producing cells in the appendix between two and four weeks of age, but after a few months, the IgG-producing cells expand in the appendix lamina propria to represent 50% of the immunocytes (Gebbers and Laissue, 1990). …”

Ultrastructural, radioautographic, and morphometric analysis of gastric mucosa in chronic gastritis

“…The polymorphism results primarily from the specific combination of destructive and adaptive components [2,3,11,13,14]. The polymorphism results primarily from the specific combination of destructive and adaptive components [2,3,11,13,14].…”