“…Gastric dilation, with or without volvulus, typically presents rapidly and requires immediate medical or surgical intervention. 3 Risk factors considered in dogs have included rapid ingestion of food, amount of food ingested, exercise behaviors, aerophagia, conformation, age, and genetic factors. 6 Additionally, gastric dilation with and without volvulus has been identified in other species, including maned wolves (Chrysocyon brachyurus), red wolves (Canis rufus), and grey wolves (Canis lupus), a red panda (Ailurus fulgens), and a northern fur seal (Callorhinus ursinus).…”