Postoperative Plasma Interleukin-6 in Patients with Renal Cancer Correlates with C-reactive Protein but Not with Total Fibrinogen or with High Molecular Weight Fibrinogen Fraction

Interleukin-6 as an emerging regulator of renal cell cancer

“…In a clinical study, a significant association between serum IL-6 level and anemia; elevated platelet count; decreased serum albumin and elevated alkaline phosphatase levels [41]; and higher serum C-reactive protein (CRP), haptoglobin, and gammaglutamyl transferase levels [70] was found in patients with RCC. In patients with RCC after nephrectomy, a strong correlation was found between the maximal concentrations of IL-6 and CRP, but not total fibrinogen or high-molecularweight fibrinogen [71]. IL-6 levels were also found to be significantly higher in patients presenting with paraneoplastic fever and weight loss [70] (summarized in Table 1).…”

“…In 26% IL-6R protein [39] RCC primary cell lines Enhanced secretion [42] Presence of IL-6 receptor protein [45] Enhanced level of mRNA for IL-6 [44] In 65% presence of mRNA for gp130 in cell lines derived from G1 Presence of mRNA for IL-6 [45] In 53% presence of mRNA for gp130 in cell linens derived from G2 [46] RCC cell lines Enhanced secretion of IL-6 [40] Presence of IL-6 receptor protein [45] Presence of mRNA for IL-6 and IL-6 receptor protein [45] Presence of gp130 and IL-6sR protein [44] Enhanced secretion of IL-6 under hypoxic conditions [48] Enhanced secretion of IL-6sR under hypoxic conditions [51] Enhanced secretion of IL-6 under normoxic conditions [51] In patientsʼ serum Only in patients with metastatic disease [65] Enhanced level [40,41] Higher levels of IL-6 measured before surgery correlated with worst survival outcomes [66] Normal IL-6 levels in patientsʼ serum before nephrectomy correlated with longer survival time and longer cancer-specific survival time [66], and without nephrectomy [65] increased IL-6 expression correlated with greater incidence of lymph nodes metastases [45] and distant metastases [68] After nephrectomy, correlation between the maximal concentrations of IL-6 [71] IL-6 levels higher in patients with paraneoplastic fever and weight loss [70] Patients with higher IL-6 concentration do not respond to IL-2 treatment and experience progressive disease at first follow-up [41] Patients with detectable IL-6 had a shorter overall survival after IL-2 treatment than patients without circulating IL-6 had [41] mRCC ¼ metastatic RCC. cellular differentiation and transmembrane signaling, thereby playing a crucial role in the regulation of cell surface function [61].…”