Postorthodontic Relapse Prevention by Administration of Grape Seed (Vitis vinifera) Extract Containing Cyanidine in Rats

Abstract

Objective The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of grape seed extract containing cyanidin on osteoclastogenesis (by means of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κ B ligand [RANKL] and osteoprotegerin [OPG] levels) and the number of osteoclasts during orthodontic relapse in Wistar rats. Materials and Methods This study is an in vivo quasi experimental research. A total of 32 male Wistar rats were used in the study, which were randomly split equally into two groups, grape seed (GS) and control group (CG). All rats were given an orthodontic force of 35 cN using a stainless steel 3-spin coil spring that was activated for 7 days and then conditioned to be passive. During this phase, the GS group was administered grape seed extract containing cyanidin once per day. Orthodontic appliances were removed from both groups afterward, and then the alveolar bone tissue was isolated consecutively according to observation days (days 1, 3, 7, and 14), while OPG and RANKL levels were analyzed in their gingival crevicular fluid using a specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Tissues were then stained with hematoxylin–eosin (H&E) and observed under a light microscope to count the number of osteoclast cells. Data were analyzed statistically using an independent t-test (p < 0.05). Results The number of osteoclasts in the GS group was significantly lower than that in the CG group on all experiment days (p = 0.021; p = 0.001; p = 0.024; p = 0.001; p < 0.05). ELISA results showed that the RANKL level of the GS group was significantly lower on days 3 and 7 (p = 0.025; p = 0.039; p < 0.05), while the OPG level was significantly higher on days 1 and 3 in the GS group than in the CG group (p = 0.039; p = 0.021; p < 0.05). Conclusion Grape seed extract can prevent postorthodontic relapse movement by inhibiting osteoclastogenesis and reducing the number of osteoclasts in Wistar rats.

Gingival-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell from Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus): Isolation, Culture, and Characterization

“…The osteogenic differentiation and immunoregulator capacity of GDMSCs may be useful for postorthodontic relapse prevention by regulating the proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory cytokine, osteoclastogenesis, and osteoblastogenesis. 47,48 Therefore, the limitation of this study is preliminary study with in vitro design. Further study is still required to examine the efficacy of GDMSCs transplantation in the animal model (in vivo) experiment.…”

“…The osteogenic differentiation and immunoregulator capacity of GDMSCs may be useful for postorthodontic relapse prevention by regulating the proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory cytokine, osteoclastogenesis, and osteoblastogenesis. 47 48 …”

Effect of Omega-3 On Orthodontic Tooth Movement: A Systematic Review

“…Orthodontic relapsing is caused [7] by a long and unstable remodelling process [8]. The main regulators of the bone remodelling process during orthodontic tooth movement are three cytokines, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α [9].…”

Effect of Carbonate Apatite Hydrogel-Advanced Platelet-Rich Fibrin Injection on Osteoblastogenesis during Orthodontic Relapse in Rabbits

“…Unfortunately, bisphosphonates induce unwanted effects on patients, including an oral intolerance, and jaw bone osteonecrosis. 9 Up to now, tissue engineering approaches are also advocated to manipulate alveolar bone remodeling, blocking orthodontic relapse, and enhancing the stability of tooth positions as well. 1,10 Carbonate apatite (CHA) exhibits good potential for bone tissue engineering because of its well-controlled calcium release and bone formation ability.…”