Postpartum uterine diseases negatively impact the time to pregnancy in grazing dairy cows from high-altitude tropical herds

Nanotechnology and Reproductive Management of Farm Animals: Challenges and Advances

“…Postpartum diseases, specifically endometritis caused by different bacterial species (mainly Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Prevotella melaninogenica, and Arcanobacterium pyogenes), are accompanied by impaired reproductive performance reflected in reduced conception rate and increased risk of reproductive culling [91]. The hazard of pregnancy, days elapsed from calving until pregnancy, reached 0.60, 0.31, and 0.24 in cows with metritis, clinical end metritis, and subclinical end metritis, respectively, when compared to healthy herd mates [92]. Pregnancy-associated diseases, such as toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma gondii) and neosporosis (Neospora caninum), are protozoan diseases that lead to significant economic loss in farm ruminants.…”

“…The clinical symptoms of most of these bacterial and/or zoonotic diseases are mediated directly by microbial products (endotoxin) and tissue damage, or indirectly by inflammatory (cytokines and eicosanoids) and/or oxidative stress (nitric oxide) mediators [93]. These changes have a negative impact on sperm function and quality (sperm motility and sperm phagocytosis), ovarian function (follicular steroidogenesis and growth, ovulation, and ova competence development to blastocyst), uterine competence (implantation failure), and embryonic development (retarded development into blastocyst) [15,92].…”

The applicability of nanobiotechnology-related approaches to veterinary medicine and assisted animal reproduction – A review

“…The consequences of mastitis and pregnancy-associated, or postpartum, diseases can lead to a significant decrease in milk quality, decrease in sperm quality, decrease in ovarian and uterine function, disturbances in embryonic development, and a drastic increase in treatment costs. If herds are diagnosed with reproductive disorders (abortions, stillbirth, reduced conception rate, the need for multiple mating, extended calving intervals), diagnostics and effective treatment should be implemented (Gurunathan et al, 2018;Vallejo-Timaran et al, 2020;Szweda et al, 2013).…”