Postpartum uterine flora following normal and abnormal puerperium in cows

Hussain, Arif; Daniel, R.C.W.; O’Boyle, D.

doi:10.1016/0093-691x(90)90522-u

Cited by 78 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…However, its isolation after 90-day postpartum is surprising as these bacteria have been largely reported in association with endometritis and fetid vaginal discharges in previous reports (Hussain et al 1990;Bonnet et al 1991;Dohmen et al 1995;Williams et al 2005). Here, the cows in this study had no evident pathologies.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 57%

Normal bacterial flora from vaginas of Criollo Limonero cows

Zambrano-Nava

Boscán-Ocando

Nava

2010

Trop Anim Health Prod

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In order to describe the normal bacterial flora in vaginas of Criollo Limonero cows, 51 healthy multiparous cows, at least 90-day postpartum, were selected. Duplicated swabs (N = 102) were taken from the vaginal fornix of cows to perform aerobic and anaerobic cultures as well as conventional biochemical tests. Out of 102 swabs, bacterial growth was obtained in 55 (53.9%) while the remaining 47 (46.1%) did not exhibited any bacterial growth. Of the 55 bacterial growths, 23 (41.8%) were aerobic whereas 32 (58.1%) were anaerobic. Likewise, 29 (52.72%) of bacterial growths were pure and 26 (47.27%) were mixed. Under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions, Gram positive bacteria were predominant (81.82% and 73.08%, respectively) over Gram negative bacteria (18.18% and 26.92%, respectively). Isolated bacteria were Arcanobacterium pyogenes (22.92%), Staphylococcus aureus (15.63%), Staphylococcus coagulase negative (17.71%), Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae (6.25%), Bacteroides spp. (13.54%), and Peptostreptococcus spp. (7.29%). In conclusion, normal vaginal bacterial flora of Criollo Limonero cows was predominantly Gram positive and included A. pyogenes, S. aureus, coagulase negative Staphylococcus, E. rhusiopathiae, Bacteroides spp., and Peptostreptococcus spp. In Criollo Limonero cattle, adaptive aspects such as development of humoral and physical mechanisms for defense, and bacterial adaptation to host deserve research attention.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 57%

Normal bacterial flora from vaginas of Criollo Limonero cows

Zambrano-Nava

Boscán-Ocando

Nava

2010

Trop Anim Health Prod

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“…Bacterial contamination of the postpartum uterus is common and decreases during puerperium and becomes contamination-free usually from day 40, even though in some cows without symptoms of uterine inflammation, bacterial contamination of the uterus can be observed until day 60 post partum (Kudlac and Vlcek, 1970;Studer and Morrow, 1981;Schirar and Martinet, 1982;Lofstedt, 1984;Hussain et al, 1990;Zerbe et al, 1996). Although a similar course of uterine infection is described during physiological as well as pathological post partum involution, some differences were found in the quantity and spectrum of contaminants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial contamination of the uterus in cows with various clinical types of metritis and endometritis and use of hydrogen peroxide for intrauterine treatment

Doležel¹,

Palenik²,

Čech³

et al. 2010

Vet. Med. - Czech

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ABSTRACT:The relationship of various clinical forms of uterine inflammation to bacterial contamination and the applicability of hydrogen peroxide for intrauterine treatment of clinical endometritis was the subject of this trial. Uterine contamination was compared among groups of cows according to clinical findings on days 10 ± 3 (mild or severe puerperal metritis and controls without symptoms of the disease: MM, n = 16 or SM, n = 8 and CM, n = 13) and 25 ± 3 (mild or severe clinical endometritis and controls without symptoms of the disease: ME, n = 28 or SE, n = 40 and CE, n = 10). The applicability of 3% hydrogen peroxide was evaluated on the basis of macroscopic examination of intact and closed uteri from slaughtered cows after infusion of 50, 80, and 100 ml of the solution, clinical as well as bacteriological examination of uteri in cows suffering from clinical endometritis (Group E1 -treatment for the first time, n = 18 and Group E2 -previous treatment for retained placenta or puerperal metritis, n = 12) before and seven days after intrauterine administration of 80 ml of the solution as well as subsequent reproductive performance of treated cows in comparison with untreated controls without symptoms of the disease (Group C, n = 20). A wider bacterial spectrum was found in the cows on day 10 ± 3 compared to day 25 ± 3. Arcanobacterium pyogenes was the main uterine contaminant in cows suffering from all clinical types of uterine inflammation while this bacterium was not shown to be present in any of the control cows (MM 7/16 and SM 6/8 vs. CM 0/13, P < 0.05 and P < 0.01; ME 14/28 and SE 18/40 vs. CE 0/10, P < 0.05). No macroscopic changes in uteri were found after infusion of various volumes of 3% hydrogen peroxide, only gas infiltration to the surrounding tissue occurred in completely closed uteri after deposition of 100 ml of the solution. Clinical symptoms of endometritis disappeared in 83% (E1) and 67% (E2) of affected cows and bacterial contamination decreased markedly (but not significantly) in both groups up to day 7 after intrauterine treatment. Reproductive parameters in treated cows compared to controls were not different. The results show an important role of A. pyogenes in the etiopathogenesis of all clinical forms of uterine inflammations in postpartum cows and support the use of 3% hydrogen peroxide for intrauterine treatment of clinical endometritis even though sufficient antibacterial effects of the treatment are still to be confirmed.

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“…The bacterium E. coli is the most commonly isolated pathogen from the post partum uterus and, in the first few days after calving, dominates the uterine flora (Hussain et al, 1990;Huszenicza et al, 1999). Of greater importance is the infection with E. coli, which appears to increase the susceptibility of the endometrium to subsequent infection with A. pyogenes ; and A. pyogenes is associated with inflammation of the endometrium both in vivo and in vitro (Bonnett et al, 1991;Miller et al, 2007).…”

Section: Post Partum Uterine Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Escherichia coli infection of the bovine uterus from the whole animal to the cell

Williams

Herath

England

et al. 2008

Animal

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Following parturition, contamination of the uterine lumen by bacteria is ubiquitous, and uterine health is impaired in cattle because infection persists in 10% to 15% of animals as endometritis. Endometritis causes infertility for the duration of infection, and subfertility persists even after apparent successful resolution of the disease. Escherichia coli is the pathogenic bacterium most frequently isolated from the post partum uterus, and is associated with increased concentrations of peripheral plasma acute phase proteins and fetid vaginal mucus. The presence of E. coli is also associated with slower growth of the first post partum dominant follicle and perturbed oestradiol secretion. Furthermore, in animals that ovulate the first dominant follicle, the corpus luteum is smaller and secretes less progesterone. The endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which is released from E.coli, can pass from the uterine lumen to the peripheral circulation and LPS concentrations are increased in cows with uterine infection. Infusion of E. coli LPS into the uterine lumen suppresses the pre-ovulatory luteinising hormone surge and disrupts ovulation in heifers. In vitro, endometrial explants produce prostaglandins in response to LPS. Addition of LPS or E. coli to stromal or epithelial cells increases cyclooxygenase-2 mRNA expression, and stimulates the production of prostaglandin E 2 and prostaglandin F 2a . Furthermore, uterine and ovarian cells express mRNA of the molecules required for recognition of LPS, Toll-like receptor-4 and CD14. In summary, E. coli is a common cause of infertility involving the perturbation of the hypothalamus, pituitary and ovary in dairy cows.

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Postpartum uterine flora following normal and abnormal puerperium in cows

Cited by 78 publications

References 11 publications

Normal bacterial flora from vaginas of Criollo Limonero cows

Normal bacterial flora from vaginas of Criollo Limonero cows

Bacterial contamination of the uterus in cows with various clinical types of metritis and endometritis and use of hydrogen peroxide for intrauterine treatment

Effect of Escherichia coli infection of the bovine uterus from the whole animal to the cell

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