Postpositives in English: in search of adjectives available

Šaldová, Pavlína

doi:10.14712/18059635.2021.2.2

Linguistica Pragensia

2021

DOI: 10.14712/18059635.2021.2.2

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Postpositives in English: in search of adjectives available

Pavlína Šaldová¹

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Mixing adjectives

Cacoullos

Avilés

2023

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How do bilinguals mix adjectives and nouns from two languages with a word order conflict at the boundary between them? Prominently competing theories of code-switching (CS) that appeal to abstract features or to a matrix language remain in a stalemate, since their predictions have been reported to mostly coincide. Here, we contribute data from northern New Mexico bilingual community members who switch between Spanish and English in both directions. Beyond the NP-internal mixes within the purview of the theories, the widened data set encompasses all relevant mixes and positions: every adjective or associated noun at the boundary with the other language. We thus assess lone-item and multi-word mixing types, distinguishing also between multi-word CS at different points of the NP. Multi-word CS at the adjective-noun boundary is indeed rare. These bilinguals choose CS after the determiner with prenominal modifiers in English adjective-noun pairs, as previously observed, and at the external NP boundary. Furthermore, they disproportionately prefer the shared predicative position. Accounting for all adjective mixes, the Variable Equivalence hypothesis proposes that, where cross-language equivalence is not consistent due to language-internal variability, bilinguals prefer CS at alternative syntactic boundaries that are consistently equivalent and more frequent in their combined linguistic experience.

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Mixing adjectives

Cacoullos

Avilés

2023

LAB

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The Dynamics of Postnominal Adjectives in Middle English

Volná

Šaldová

2022

Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies

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Middle English was a period of transition between the free word order of Old English, with functional variation of adjective form and position with respect to the head noun, and the fixed prenominal placement of single attributive adjectives in Modern English. Aided by the PPCME2 of the Penn-Helsinki corpora, this corpus-driven study explores the range of adjectives attested frequently after the head noun, as well as their relative attraction to the position and, sampling the ME period with emphasis on variables in the corpus metadata, compares the frequencies of postnominally placed adjectives in various genres, capturing their declining overall frequency over time. These general tendencies are commented against the background of postpositives in PDE.

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Postpositives in English: in search of adjectives available

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

Mixing adjectives

Mixing adjectives

The Dynamics of Postnominal Adjectives in Middle English

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