Postprandial Lipid-Related Metabolites Are Altered in Dogs Fed Dietary Diacylglycerol and Low Glycemic Index Starch during Weight Loss1–3

Abstract

In this study, we investigated a combination of a low glycemic index starch (LGIS) and diacylglycerol (DAG) on lipid, lipoprotein (LP) metabolism, and weight management. Obese, intact female adult Beagle dogs were assigned to 1 of 4 starch/oil combination diets [LGIS/DAG (LD); LGIS/triacylglycerol (TAG); high glycemic index starch (HGIS)/DAG; and HGIS/TAG (HT)] and fed for 9 wk (n = 6/group) using an incomplete 4 × 4 Latin square design. Each dog was fed 1 of 2 opposite starch/oil combination diets (e.g. LD and HT). At wk 1 and 8, postprandial blood was collected for plasma triacylglycerol (TG), β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), total cholesterol (TC), and LP analyses. During the same week, dogs were overnight feed-deprived and post-heparin blood was collected for LP lipase and hepatic lipase activity determinations. At wk 1, 4, and 8, blood was drawn from overnight feed-deprived dogs for plasma TG, BHB, TC, LP, leptin, and adiponectin measurements. Feces were collected at wk 3 for digestibility calculations. The LGIS diets resulted in lower carbohydrate, protein, total tract dry matter digestibilities, and metabolizable energy compared with the HGIS diet groups (P < 0.05). Thus, the LGIS groups lost more body weight (P = 0.001), which was positively correlated with plasma leptin concentrations (r(2) = 0.427; P < 0.001). Moreover, the LGIS diet lowered TC concentrations in combination with DAG. The DAG diet groups decreased postprandial TG and increased BHB concentrations (P < 0.05). Starch/oil types did not alter lipase activities or adiponectin concentrations. In conclusion, the LGIS diet demonstrated potential as a weight management tool in dogs by decreasing postprandial TG and increasing BHB in combination with DAG.

Metabolic and Hormonal Alterations with Diacylglycerol and Low Glycemic Index Starch during Canine Weight Loss

“…Additionally, the LGIS diet group lost a greater amount of body weight. The rate of weight loss of LGIS and HGIS diet groups was 1.9 ± 0.2% and 1.0 ± 0.4% per week, respectively, the range of which is within normal limits of that generally recommended for weight loss [17, 23]. Body weight loss did not alter fasting plasma glucose, insulin, and NEFA concentrations but a significant time effect was seen during the study resulting in increased fasting plasma GIP and decreased GLP-1.…”

“…Gelatinized high amylose corn starch and waxy corn starch were used as the LGIS and HGIS sources, respectively (Nihon Shokuhin Kako). The DAG and TAG oils in combination with the other diet ingredients contained similar fatty acid compositions whose data were shown in an earlier publication [17]. In order to eliminate composition alterations by batch differences, all ingredients except oils were homogenized together using a mixer (Hobart Industries) at Texas A&M University and stored in a dark ambient temperature-controlled storage room in our laboratory before the study started and were used throughout the study.…”

Effect of Physiological Determinants and Cardiac Disease on Plasma Adiponectin Concentrations in Dogs

“…Some studies showed low adiponectin concentrations in obese dogs and lower adiponectin concentrations in dogs with obesity‐related metabolic dysfunction compared to obese dogs without metabolic dysfunction as well as higher circulating adiponectin concentrations after a period of weight loss . On the other hand, several studies have reported that, in dogs, percentage of body fat was not associated with adiponectin concentration . Age, sex, and neuter status may be confounding factors when studying the relationship between adiposity and adiponectin .…”

Starches, Sugars and Obesity

“…RS seems to decrease plasma cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations [30], but little is still known about the impact of RS on lipid metabolism. Animal studies indicate that a high RS diet leads to a lower weight of fat depots and can reduce serum total cholesterol triacylgycerol concentrations [70,71]. In humans, five weeks of RS feeding lowered fasting cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations [72].…”